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Behavioral Sciences
Volume 15
Issue 10
10.3390/bs15101381
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Article

Exploring the Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in the Relationship Between Caregiver Contribution and Resilience in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

by
Mattia Bozzetti
1,
Ilaria Marcomini
2,
Alessio Lo Cascio
3,*,
Maria Rosaria Magurano
4,
Eleonora Ribaudi
5,
Monica Petralito
6,
Ilaria Milani
7,
Simone Amato
8,
Nicoletta Orgiana
9,
Simone Parello
5,
Pierluigi Puca
5,
Franco Scaldaferri
5,10,
Marianna Mazza
11,
Giuseppe Marano
11,*,† and
Daniele Napolitano
5,†
1
Direction of Health Professions, ASST Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy
2
Center for Nursing Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
3
Department of Nursing Research and Management, La Maddalena Cancer Center, 90146 Palermo, Italy
4
Clinical Psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
5
CEMAD—Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
6
School of Nursing, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Sacco-Fatebenefratelli, 20157 Milan, Italy
7
School of Nursing, Ospedale San Giuseppe-Gruppo MultiMedica, 20123 Milan, Italy
8
Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart Transplant Centre and ECMO, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, 00152 Rome, Italy
9
Cut—Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
10
Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
11
Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
 
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*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(10), 1381; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15101381 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 23 August 2025 / Revised: 18 September 2025 / Accepted: 10 October 2025 / Published: 11 October 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects not only patients but also their informal caregivers. Enhancing caregiver resilience may improve both caregiver well-being and patient outcomes. This study aimed to assess resilience levels in caregivers of individuals with IBD and identify key psychological and contextual predictors, including caregiver contributions to self-care, self-efficacy, and perceived care load. A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted across nine IBD outpatient clinics in Italy. Caregiver resilience was measured using the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 25). Additional tools included the Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory (CC-SC-CII) and Caregiver Self-Efficacy in Contributing to Patient Self-Care Scale (CSE-CSC). Robust regression models identified predictors of total resilience and its subdomains. Among 275 caregivers (median age 53; 58.2% female) CD-RISC-25 levels were moderately high (median = 74 [IQR = 65–84]), with no significant differences between those caring for patients with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis. SEM analyses showed that self-efficacy significantly predicted contributions to disease monitoring and management, but not maintenance. In turn, the management dimension was significantly associated with higher levels of resilience across four of five domains (trust, control, acceptance of change, and spirituality), while maintenance was uniquely associated with personal competence. Predictors including education and employment status showed no significant direct or indirect effects on CC-SC-CII. In conclusion, caregiver resilience in IBD is positively associated with self-efficacy and active engagement in disease management. Targeted support strategies may strengthen caregiver resources and promote sustainable care.
Keywords: caregiver resilience; inflammatory bowel disease; self-efficacy; caregiver burden; self-care contribution; chronic illness; psychological predictors caregiver resilience; inflammatory bowel disease; self-efficacy; caregiver burden; self-care contribution; chronic illness; psychological predictors

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bozzetti, M.; Marcomini, I.; Lo Cascio, A.; Magurano, M.R.; Ribaudi, E.; Petralito, M.; Milani, I.; Amato, S.; Orgiana, N.; Parello, S.; et al. Exploring the Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in the Relationship Between Caregiver Contribution and Resilience in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Behav. Sci. 2025, 15, 1381. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15101381

AMA Style

Bozzetti M, Marcomini I, Lo Cascio A, Magurano MR, Ribaudi E, Petralito M, Milani I, Amato S, Orgiana N, Parello S, et al. Exploring the Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in the Relationship Between Caregiver Contribution and Resilience in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Behavioral Sciences. 2025; 15(10):1381. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15101381

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bozzetti, Mattia, Ilaria Marcomini, Alessio Lo Cascio, Maria Rosaria Magurano, Eleonora Ribaudi, Monica Petralito, Ilaria Milani, Simone Amato, Nicoletta Orgiana, Simone Parello, and et al. 2025. "Exploring the Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in the Relationship Between Caregiver Contribution and Resilience in Inflammatory Bowel Disease" Behavioral Sciences 15, no. 10: 1381. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15101381

APA Style

Bozzetti, M., Marcomini, I., Lo Cascio, A., Magurano, M. R., Ribaudi, E., Petralito, M., Milani, I., Amato, S., Orgiana, N., Parello, S., Puca, P., Scaldaferri, F., Mazza, M., Marano, G., & Napolitano, D. (2025). Exploring the Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in the Relationship Between Caregiver Contribution and Resilience in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Behavioral Sciences, 15(10), 1381. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15101381

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