The Big, the Dark, and the Biopsychosocial Shades of Harmony: Personality Traits and Harmony in Life
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Harmony in Life as a Third Component of Subjective Well-Being
1.2. Two Alternative Models of Personality
1.3. The Present Study
2. Method
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Personality
2.2.2. Harmony in Life
3. Results
3.1. Correlation Analyses
3.2. Regression Analyses
3.3. Comparison of Models Based on R2 Values
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations
4.2. Conclusions and Last Remarks
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Theory | Definition of Personality | Hypotheses | Model | Dimensions | Traits | Measurement | Example of Questions | Method |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NOT APPLICABLE | Personality consists of recurring characteristics in the form of emotions, thoughts, and behaviors that distinguish one person from others. | Relevant and prominent characteristics of the individual encoded in language [66]. | Big Five | Temperament (+ Character to some extent, especially prosocial traits) | Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism |
| O: I have active imagination. C: I persevere until the task is finish. E: I am talkative. A: I am helpful and unselfish with others. N: I get nervous easily. | Factor Analysis |
EVOLUTION | Personality is an adaptive system of traits that enhance an individual’s ability to navigate social hierarchies, exploit opportunities, and manage interpersonal relationships in ways that maximize personal gains and reproductive success. | The propensity for manipulation, risk-taking, and self-aggrandizement has advantageous in certain environmental contexts [53]. | Dark Triad | Temperament (+Character to some extent, especially the lack of prosocial traits) | Machiavellianism Narcissism Psychopathy |
| M: Most people can be manipulated. N: I insist on getting the respect I deserve. P: It’s true that I can be mean to others. | |
Personality is the dynamic organization of biopsychosocial systems within an individual through which the individual uniquely shapes and adapts to an ever-changing internal and external environment. |
| Cloninger’s Biopsychosocial Model | Temperament | Novelty Seeking Harm Avoidance Reward Dependence Persistence |
|
|
| |
Character | Self-Directedness Cooperativeness Self-Transcendence |
|
|
Big Five Traits | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Openness (1) | ||||||
Conscientiousness (2) | 0.141 * | |||||
Extraversion (3) | 0.214 ** | 0.164 ** | ||||
Agreeableness (4) | 0.129 * | 0.436 ** | 0.207 ** | |||
Neuroticism (5) | −0.060 | −0.450 ** | −0.311 ** | -0.426 ** | ||
Harmony in Life (6) | 0.041 | 0.391 ** | 0.231 ** | 0.390 ** | −0.541 ** |
Dark Traits | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Machiavellianism (1) | ||||
Narcissism (2) | 0.328 ** | |||
Psychopathy (3) | 0.533 ** | 0.394 ** | ||
Harmony in Life (4) | −0.134 ** | 0.164 ** | −0.156 ** |
TCI Traits | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Novelty Seeking (1) | ||||||||
Harm Avoidance (2) | 0.059 | |||||||
Reward Dependence (3) | −0.004 | −0.169 ** | ||||||
Persistence (4) | −0.153 ** | −0.557 ** | 0.213 ** | |||||
Self−Directedness (5) | −0.335 ** | −0.739 ** | 0.209 ** | 0.585 ** | ||||
Cooperativeness (6) | −0.317 ** | −0.195 ** | 0.450 ** | 0.201 ** | 0.293 ** | |||
Self−Transcendence (7) | 0.183 ** | −0.050 | 0.216 ** | 0.152 ** | 0.011 | 0.145 ** | ||
Harmony in Life (8) | −0.069 | −0.555 ** | 0.234 ** | 0.443 ** | 0.590 ** | 0.221 ** | 0.236 ** |
Model | Trait | r (p) | Adj R2 | Unst. B | Unst. SE | Stand. β | F | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BIG FIVE | Openness | 0.04 (0.239) | 0.341 | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.04 | 30.11 | −0.70 | 0.482 |
Conscientiousness | 0.39 (<0.001) | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 2.57 | 0.011 | |||
Extraversion | 0.23 (<0.001) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 1.16 | 0.247 | |||
Agreeableness | 0.39 (<0.001) | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 2.71 | 0.01 | |||
Neuroticism | −0.54 (<0.001) | −0.08 | 0.01 | −0.40 | −6.85 | <0.001 | |||
DARK TRIAD | Machiavellianism | −0.13 (<0.001) | 0.096 | −0.26 | 0.05 | −0.13 | 66.05 | −4.90 | <0.001 |
Narcissism | 0.16 (<0.001) | 0.61 | 0.05 | 0.29 | 11.83 | <0.001 | |||
Psychopathy | −0.16 (<0.001) | −0.48 | 0.06 | −0.20 | −7.63 | <0.001 | |||
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL | Novelty Seeking | −0.07 (0.075) | 0.435 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 47.14 | 1.37 | 0.170 |
Harm Avoidance | −0.56 (<0.001) | −0.29 | 0.08 | −0.20 | −3.52 | <0.001 | |||
Reward Dependence | 0.23 (<0.001) | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 1.29 | 0.198 | |||
Persistence | 0.44 (<0.001) | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 1.20 | 0.232 | |||
Self−Directedness | 0.59 (<0.001) | 0.68 | 0.11 | 0.41 | 6.50 | <0.001 | |||
Cooperativeness | 0.22 (<0.001) | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.40 | 0.690 | |||
Self−Transcendence | 0.24 (<0.001) | 0.33 | 0.07 | 0.19 | 4.85 | <0.001 |
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Garcia, D. The Big, the Dark, and the Biopsychosocial Shades of Harmony: Personality Traits and Harmony in Life. Behav. Sci. 2024, 14, 873. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100873
Garcia D. The Big, the Dark, and the Biopsychosocial Shades of Harmony: Personality Traits and Harmony in Life. Behavioral Sciences. 2024; 14(10):873. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100873
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarcia, Danilo. 2024. "The Big, the Dark, and the Biopsychosocial Shades of Harmony: Personality Traits and Harmony in Life" Behavioral Sciences 14, no. 10: 873. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100873
APA StyleGarcia, D. (2024). The Big, the Dark, and the Biopsychosocial Shades of Harmony: Personality Traits and Harmony in Life. Behavioral Sciences, 14(10), 873. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100873