Dyadic Conversation between Mandarin-Chinese-Speaking Healthy Older Adults: From Analyses of Conversation Turns and Speaking Roles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Older Adults in Taiwan
1.2. Dyadic Conversation
- A: 你有跟家人住嗎 (/nǐ yǒu gēn jia rén jhù ma˚/, do you live with your family?)
- B: 有和太太 (/yǒu hé tài tai˚/, yes with my wife)
- A: 喔跟太太哦 (/wò gēn tài tai˚é/, oh, with your wife)
1.3. Mandarin-Chinese-Speaking Conversation
2. Methods
2.1. Research Participants
2.2. Research Design
2.3. Research Settings and Materials
2.4. Procedures
2.5. Data Analysis
2.6. Inter- and Intra-Coder Reliability
2.7. Measures
3. Results
3.1. Contributions of CTs
3.2. Contributions of SRs
4. Discussion
4.1. Contributions of CTs
- A: 沒有辦法咬 (/méi yǒ ubàn fǎ jyué/, cannot chew)
- B: 沒辦法咬就吃不下 (/méi bàn fǎ jyué jiòu chih sià/, can’t bite, can’t eat)
- A: 用果汁機也不好吃 (/yòng guǒ jhih ji yě bù hǎo chih/, it’s not good to use a juicer)
- B: 用果汁機可以吧 (/yòng guǒ jhih ji kě yǐ ba/, can I use a juicer?)
- A: 那個營養差很多 (/nǎ ge˚yíng yang cha hěn duo/, that nutrition is much worse)
- B: 喔營養差很多 (/wò yíng yang cha hěn duo/, oh, poor nutrition)
4.2. Contributions of SRs
- B: 那女生她現在讀 (/Nà Nyǔ Sheng Siàn Zaì Dú/, where does that girl study)
- A: 高二了 (/Gao Èr Liaǒ/, already sophomore)
- B: 高中二年級讀哪裡 (/Gao Jhòng Èr Nián Jí Dú Nǎ Lǐ/, where to study in the second year of high school)
- A: 讀台中商職 (/Dú Taí Jhong Shang Jhíh/, study in Taichung Home Economics and Commercial High School)
- B: 台中家商 (/Taí Jhong Jia Shang/, Taichung Home Economics and Commercial High School)
- A: 台中家商 (/Taí Jhong Jia Shang/, Taichung Home Economics and Commercial High School)
- B: 黑阿 (/Hei A/, yes)
- B: (5.0) 坐公車去嗎 (/Zuò Gong Che Chyù Ma/, does take the bus)
- A: 不一定 (/Bù Yí Dìng/, not certainly)
- B: 不一定 (/Bù Yí Dìng/, not certainly)
4.3. Limitations and Future Research Directions
4.4. Implications
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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# | Gender | Age | Years of Schooling | Handedness | Most Spoken Language | Occupation | Hearing Aids | Glasses |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Male | 76 | 16 | Right | Mandarin Chinese | Retired | N/A | N/A |
2 | Male | 83 | 6 | Right | Mandarin Chinese | Retired | N/A | Yes |
3 | Male | 71 | 6 | Right | Mandarin Chinese | Retired | N/A | N/A |
4 | Male | 85 | 12 | Right | Mandarin Chinese | Retired | N/A | Yes |
5 | Male | 76 | 12 | Right | Mandarin Chinese | Retired | N/A | N/A |
6 | Male | 76 | 12 | Right | Mandarin Chinese | Retired | N/A | N/A |
7 | Male | 72 | 6 | Right | Mandarin Chinese | Retired | N/A | N/A |
8 | Male | 73 | 6 | Right | Mandarin Chinese | Retired | N/A | N/A |
9 | Male | 84 | 18 | Right | Mandarin Chinese | Retired | N/A | N/A |
10 | Male | 89 | 12 | Right | Mandarin Chinese | Retired | N/A | Yes |
# | Gender | Age | Years of Schooling | Handedness | Most Spoken Language | Relationship of the Reference | Hearing Aids | Glasses |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Female | 81 | 6 | Right | Mandarin Chinese | Friend | N/A | Yes |
2 | Female | 68 | 12 | Right | Mandarin Chinese | Friend | N/A | Yes |
3 | Female | 70 | 9 | Right | Mandarin Chinese | Couple | N/A | N/A |
4 | Female | 84 | 6 | Right | Mandarin Chinese | Couple | N/A | Yes |
5 | Female | 79 | 6 | Right | Mandarin Chinese | Friend | N/A | N/A |
6 | Female | 69 | 9 | Right | Mandarin Chinese | Couple | N/A | N/A |
7 | Female | 70 | 6 | Right | Mandarin Chinese | Couple | N/A | N/A |
8 | Female | 71 | 6 | Right | Mandarin Chinese | Couple | N/A | N/A |
9 | Female | 80 | 12 | Right | Mandarin Chinese | Couple | N/A | Yes |
10 | Female | 85 | 9 | Right | Mandarin Chinese | Couple | N/A | Yes |
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Tsai, M.-J. Dyadic Conversation between Mandarin-Chinese-Speaking Healthy Older Adults: From Analyses of Conversation Turns and Speaking Roles. Behav. Sci. 2023, 13, 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020134
Tsai M-J. Dyadic Conversation between Mandarin-Chinese-Speaking Healthy Older Adults: From Analyses of Conversation Turns and Speaking Roles. Behavioral Sciences. 2023; 13(2):134. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020134
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsai, Meng-Ju. 2023. "Dyadic Conversation between Mandarin-Chinese-Speaking Healthy Older Adults: From Analyses of Conversation Turns and Speaking Roles" Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 2: 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020134
APA StyleTsai, M.-J. (2023). Dyadic Conversation between Mandarin-Chinese-Speaking Healthy Older Adults: From Analyses of Conversation Turns and Speaking Roles. Behavioral Sciences, 13(2), 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020134