Effects of the Truck Suspension System on Animal Welfare, Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in Pigs
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Description of Study Site
2.2. Animals, Loading Facilities and Handling of Pigs on the Farm
2.3. Transport Conditions and Vehicle Features
2.4. Handling of Pigs at the Slaughter Plant
2.5. Behavioral Observations during Lairage
2.6. Blood Parameters
2.7. Carcass Handling and Skin Lesion Assessment
2.8. Meat Quality
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Behaviour during Lairage
3.2. Physiological Response
3.3. Skin and Carcass Lesion
3.4. Meat Quality
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Behaviour | Description |
---|---|
Standing | Pig on all fours limbs extended and stopped. |
Walking | Pig on all four limbs and moving around. |
Seated | Pig seated on the caudal region of body with forelimbs extended. |
Lying down | Pig with lateral or ventral body surface in contact with the floor and without support of the fore and hindquarters. |
Fighting | Two or more pigs performing a sequence of aggressive physical contacts for more than 3 s, such as biting, head knocking, pushing and shoving each other, with no grater intervals than 10 s. |
Classes 1 | pHu | Driploss | L* |
---|---|---|---|
PSE | <6.0 | >6.0 | >50 |
RSE | <6.0 | >6.0 | 45–50 |
PFN | <6.0 | <6.0 | >50 |
RFN | 5.5–6.1 | <6.0 | <50 |
DFD | ≥6.1 | <3.0 | <44 |
Behaviour (%) | Period (h) | Truck Suspension System 2 | Mean | |
---|---|---|---|---|
AS | LS | |||
Standing | 1 | 47.08 ± 10.32 A | 49.58 ± 6.23 A | 48.33 ± 5.70 A |
2 | 12.08 ± 4.08 B | 12.08 ± 7.05 B | 12.08 ± 3.84 B | |
3 | 5.83 ± 3.39 B | 1.25 ± 0.83 B | 3.54 ± 1.81 B | |
Mean | 21.67 ± 6.03 | 20.97 ± 6.25 | ||
Lying down | 1 | 40.42 ± 14.53 A | 41.67 ± 8.36 A | 41.04 ± 7.91 A |
2 | 83.75 ± 4.99 B | 82.50 ± 10.43 B | 83.13 ± 5.45 B | |
3 | 91.67 ± 4.80 B | 97.92 ± 1.61 B | 94.79 ± 2.60 B | |
Mean | 71.94 ± 7.81 | 74.03 ± 7.58 | ||
Seated | 1 | 5.42 ± 1.56 A | 5.83 ± 1.67 A | 5.63 ± 1.08 A |
2 | 2.92 ± 1.06 B | 2.92 ± 1.06 B | 2.92 ± 0.71 B | |
3 | 1.67 ± 0.78 B | 0.83 ± 0.83 B | 1.25 ± 0.56 B | |
Mean | 3.33 ± 0.7 | 3.19 ± 0.86 | ||
Walking | 1 | 5.42 ± 2.60 | 2.92 ± 1.56 | 4.17 ± 1.49 A |
2 | 1.25 ± 1.25 | 0.83 ± 0.83 | 1.04 ± 0.71 B | |
3 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 B | |
Mean | 2.22 ± 1.08 | 1.25 ± 0.64 | ||
Fighting | 1 | 1.67 ± 1.67 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.83 ± 0.83 |
2 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 1.67 ± 1.67 | 0.83 ± 0.83 | |
3 | 0.83 ± 0.83 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.42 ± 0.42 | |
Mean | 0.83 ± 0.60 | 0.56 ± 0.56 |
Site of Carcass | Truck Suspension System 2 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
LS Truck | AS Truck | ||
Back | 5.32 ± 0.62 | 3.73 ± 0.41 | 0.03 * |
Thigh | 2.26 ± 0.28 | 1.47 ± 0.15 | 0.01 * |
Shoulder | 3.22 ± 0.66 | 3.35 ± 0.88 | 0.90 |
Lesion Type | |||
Handling | 2.78 ± 0.28 | 2.18 ± 0.23 | 0.08 † |
Fight | 5.80 ± 1.13 | 4.35 ± 1.09 | 0.32 |
Mounting | 2.06 ± 0.22 | 1.38 ± 0.18 | 0.02 * |
Muscle | Classes 3 | Truck Suspension System | |
---|---|---|---|
LS | AS | ||
Longissimus dorsi (Back) | PSE | 6 (10.00%) | 5 (8.33%) |
RSE | 20 (33.33%) | 17 (28.33) | |
PFN | 4 (6.67%) | 4 (6.67) | |
RFN | 30 (50.00%) | 34 (56.67) | |
DFD | - | - | |
Semimembranosus (Thigh) | PSE | 2 (3.33%) | 2 (3.33%) |
RSE | 22 (36.67%) | 16 (26.67%) | |
PFN | 3 (5.00%) | 5 (8.33%) | |
RFN | 33 (55.00%) | 37 (61.67%) | |
DFD | - | - |
Muscle | Variable 1 | Suspension System 2 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
LS Truck | AS Truck | |||
Longissimus dorsi (Back) | pH1 | 6.41 ± 0.03 | 6.36 ± 0.03 | 0.1910 |
pHu | 5.45 ± 0.07 | 5.56 ± 0.04 | 0.0641 † | |
T1 | 28.50 ± 0.19 | 28.62 ± 0.14 | 0.5138 | |
L* | 47.57 ± 0.31 | 47.30 ± 0.29 | 0.4959 | |
a* | 7.35 ± 0.17 | 7.47 ± 0.18 | 0.5129 | |
b* | −0.43 ± 0.20 | −1.96 ± 0.96 | 0.1040 | |
JPCS | 2.68 ± 0.07 | 2.97 ± 0.09 | 0.0065 * | |
DL, % | 4.86 ± 0.31 | 5.13 ± 0.27 | 0.5424 | |
WLC, % | 39.50 ± 0.19 | 39.99 ± 0.37 | 0.1773 | |
SS, Kgf | 4.32 ± 0.19 | 4.53 ± 0.13 | 0.4015 | |
Semimembranosus (Thigh) | pH1 | 6.52 ± 0.02 | 6.52 ± 0.03 | 1.0000 |
pHu | 5.53 ± 0.03 | 5.61 ± 0.04 | 0.0003 * | |
T1 | 28.76 ± 0.19 | 28.82 ± 0.13 | 0.7698 | |
L* | 46.75 ± 0.26 | 46.43 ± 0.34 | 0.3587 | |
a* | 6.83 ± 0.23 | 6.96 ± 0.17 | 0.5957 | |
b* | −1.29 ± 0.24 | −1.73 ± 0.17 | 0.0318 * | |
JPCS | 3.01 ± 0.07 | 3.17 ± 0.08 | 0.0916 † | |
DL, % | 2.55 ± 0.23 | 2.70 ± 0.23 | 0.6489 |
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Dalla Costa, F.A.; Lopes, L.S.; Dalla Costa, O.A. Effects of the Truck Suspension System on Animal Welfare, Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in Pigs. Animals 2017, 7, 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani7010005
Dalla Costa FA, Lopes LS, Dalla Costa OA. Effects of the Truck Suspension System on Animal Welfare, Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in Pigs. Animals. 2017; 7(1):5. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani7010005
Chicago/Turabian StyleDalla Costa, Filipe Antônio, Letícia S. Lopes, and Osmar Antônio Dalla Costa. 2017. "Effects of the Truck Suspension System on Animal Welfare, Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in Pigs" Animals 7, no. 1: 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani7010005
APA StyleDalla Costa, F. A., Lopes, L. S., & Dalla Costa, O. A. (2017). Effects of the Truck Suspension System on Animal Welfare, Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in Pigs. Animals, 7(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani7010005