Geographic Distribution of Avirulence Genes of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae in the Philippines
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Mathods
2.1. Magnaporthe oryzae Isolates and DNA Extraction
2.2. PCR Assay for the Presence of Avirulence Genes
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Avirulence Genes in the Isolates
3.2. Resistance Genes Present in Rice Genotypes
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primer Name | Sequence 5’–3’ | AVR Gene | Expected Product Size (bp) |
---|---|---|---|
YL169b | CGACCCGTTTCCGCC | Avr-Pita | 1086 |
YL149b | TGACCGCGATTCCCTCCATT | ||
Z21 | AATCCCGTCACTTTCATTCTCCA | Avr-Pizt | 637 |
Z22 | GTCGCAAGCCTCGTACTACCTTT | ||
Z23 | TCCAATTTATTCAACTGCCACTC | Avr-Pik | 532 |
Z24 | GTAAACCTCGTCAAACCTCCCTA | ||
Z27 | CCCATTATCTTACCAGTCGCTTGA | Avr-Pia | 868 |
Z28 | ATTCCTCCCGTAAACAGTAAACC | ||
ZZ41 | TGCAGGCCCAAATCCGTAGGAA | Avr-Pii | 508 |
ZZ42 | ACTGTCCGCCGCTCGTTTGG | ||
PW3-F | TGCGTGCTCATTTGTAAACC | Avr-PWL3 | 937 |
PW3-R | TTGACGGTACTAGGGCTGCT |
χ2 Value* | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Geographical Location/Type of Agroecosystem | Avr-Pita | Avr-Pia | Avr-Pizt | Avr-Pik | Avr-Pii | Avr-PWL3 | ||||||
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
A. Geographic Location | ||||||||||||
Luzon | ||||||||||||
E | 28.60 | 53.39 | 80.09 | 1.91 | 71.83 | 10.17 | 12.07 | 69.92 | 31.15 | 50.86 | 73.74 | 8.26 |
χ2 | 0.74 | 0.40 | 0.02 | 0.63 | 0.37 | 2.63 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.25 | 2.20 |
Mindanao | ||||||||||||
E | 6.98 | 13.02 | 19.53 | 0.47 | 17.52 | 2.48 | 2.95 | 17.05 | 7.60 | 12.40 | 17.98 | 2.02 |
χ2 | 7.07 | 3.79 | 0.01 | 0.46 | 0.36 | 2.56 | 0.30 | 0.05 | 0.76 | 0.47 | 0.23 | 2.02 |
Visayas | ||||||||||||
E | 9.42 | 17.58 | 26.37 | 0.63 | 23.65 | 3.34 | 3.97 | 23.02 | 10.26 | 16.74 | 24.28 | 2.72 |
χ2 | 0.62 | 0.33 | 0.02 | 0.63 | 0.30 | 2.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 1.62 | 14.92 |
B. Type of Agroecosystem | ||||||||||||
Irrigated lowland | ||||||||||||
E | 27.56 | 51.44 | 77.16 | 1.84 | 69.20 | 9.79 | 11.64 | 67.36 | 39.24 | 60.76 | 71.04 | 7.96 |
χ2 | 1.075 | 0.58 | 0.04 | 1.84 | 1.12 | 7.90 | 2.73 | 0.47 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.89 | 7.96 |
Rainfed lowland | ||||||||||||
E | 5.23 | 9.77 | 14.65 | 0.35 | 13.14 | 1.86 | 2.21 | 12.79 | 20.00 | 80.00 | 13.49 | 1.51 |
χ2 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 2.46 | 3.53 | 0.61 | 1.28 | 0.78 | 0.17 | 1.15 |
Rainfed upland | ||||||||||||
E | 12.21 | 22.79 | 34.19 | 0.82 | 30.66 | 4.34 | 5.16 | 29.84 | 42.86 | 57.14 | 31.47 | 3.53 |
χ2 | 2.22 | 1.19 | 0.14 | 5.87 | 1.45 | 10.21 | 1.57 | 0.27 | 0.22 | 0.13 | 2.85 | 25.44 |
Host Genotype | Resistance Gene * | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pita | Pia | Pizt | Pik | Pii | PWL3 | |
A. Irrigated Lowland | ||||||
012–N | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
15 IL | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Au 108 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Au 63 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Bigante | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
C9305-B-9-2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Dinorado | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
ILMAS 540 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
IR 50 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
IR83140-B-36-B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
IR86781-3-3-1-1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
LMAS 544 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
MS 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
NSIC Rc130 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
NSIC Rc212 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
NSIC Rc216 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
PNG 719 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
PR34350-4-POKKALI-24-M5R-10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
PR36723-B-13-3-3-3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
PR36930-B-7-3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
PR37088-B-9-1-1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
PR37624-1-5-1-2-1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
PR37801-15-1-1-3-2-B-B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
PYT 132 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
PYT 172 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
PYT 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
PYT 210 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
PYT 218 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
PYT 238 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
PYT 307 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
PYT 324 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
PYT 41 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
B. Rainfed Lowland | ||||||
Bigante | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
C4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
NSIC Rc222 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
C. Rainfed upland | ||||||
Japanese | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Milagrosa | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
NSIC Rc152 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
NSIC Rc216 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
PhilRice M3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Waray | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
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Lopez, A.L.C.; Yli-Matilla, T.; Cumagun, C.J.R. Geographic Distribution of Avirulence Genes of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae in the Philippines. Microorganisms 2019, 7, 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7010023
Lopez ALC, Yli-Matilla T, Cumagun CJR. Geographic Distribution of Avirulence Genes of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae in the Philippines. Microorganisms. 2019; 7(1):23. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7010023
Chicago/Turabian StyleLopez, Ana Liza C., Tapani Yli-Matilla, and Christian Joseph R. Cumagun. 2019. "Geographic Distribution of Avirulence Genes of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae in the Philippines" Microorganisms 7, no. 1: 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7010023
APA StyleLopez, A. L. C., Yli-Matilla, T., & Cumagun, C. J. R. (2019). Geographic Distribution of Avirulence Genes of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae in the Philippines. Microorganisms, 7(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7010023