Enumeration of Somatic and F-RNA Phages as an Indicator of Fecal Contamination in Potable Water from Rural Areas of the North West Province
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Water Collection Methods
2.2. Enumeration of Bacteriophages from Water Samples
2.2.1. Enumeration of Somatic Coliphages
2.2.2. Enumeration of F-RNA Bacteriophages
3. Results
Areas SANS 241:2011 | Turbidity (NTU) ≤ 5 | pH ≥ 5 to ≤9.7 | Temperature None |
---|---|---|---|
Makgobistad tap | 141.2 | 7.59 | 18.0 |
Loporung tap | 88.93 | 8.07 | 16.1 |
Logagane tap 1 | 68.19 | 7.21 | 26.8 |
Logagane 2 | 1.06 | 7.12 | 20.7 |
Tshidilamolomo tap 1 | 0.04 | 6.70 | 18.5 |
Tshidilamolomo tap 2 | 102.9 | 6.70 | 22.9 |
Tshidilamolomo tap 3 | 0.26 | 6.70 | 21.2 |
Masamane tap 1 | 0.46 | 7.78 | 27.3 |
Masamane tap 2 | 1.58 | 6.84 | 17.4 |
Mabule tap 1 | 1.01 | 7.50 | 24.4 |
Mabule tap 2 | 2.35 | 7.32 | 18.5 |
Dingateng 1 | 1.74 | 7.80 | 17.6 |
Dingateng 2 | 24.25 | 7.81 | 19.9 |
Dingateng 3 | 64.42 | 7.78 | 17.6 |
Dingateng 4 | 68.75 | 7.80 | 29.7 |
Disaneng borehole | 107.7 | 7.08 | 24.1 |
4. Discussion
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nkwe, K.I.; Ateba, C.N.; Sithebe, N.P.; Bezuidenhout, C.C. Enumeration of Somatic and F-RNA Phages as an Indicator of Fecal Contamination in Potable Water from Rural Areas of the North West Province. Pathogens 2015, 4, 503-512. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens4030503
Nkwe KI, Ateba CN, Sithebe NP, Bezuidenhout CC. Enumeration of Somatic and F-RNA Phages as an Indicator of Fecal Contamination in Potable Water from Rural Areas of the North West Province. Pathogens. 2015; 4(3):503-512. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens4030503
Chicago/Turabian StyleNkwe, Keitumetse Idah, Collins Njie Ateba, Nomathamsanqa Patricia Sithebe, and Cornelius Carlos Bezuidenhout. 2015. "Enumeration of Somatic and F-RNA Phages as an Indicator of Fecal Contamination in Potable Water from Rural Areas of the North West Province" Pathogens 4, no. 3: 503-512. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens4030503
APA StyleNkwe, K. I., Ateba, C. N., Sithebe, N. P., & Bezuidenhout, C. C. (2015). Enumeration of Somatic and F-RNA Phages as an Indicator of Fecal Contamination in Potable Water from Rural Areas of the North West Province. Pathogens, 4(3), 503-512. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens4030503