E6/E7 Variants of Human Papillomavirus 16 Associated with Cervical Carcinoma in Women in Southern Mexico
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. E7 Variants of HPV 16
2.2. E6/E7 HPV 16 Bicistronic Variants of HPV 16
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Clinical Specimens and Diagnosis
4.2. Identification of HPV 16 E6/E7 Bicistronic Variants
4.3. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Non IL | LSIL | HSIL | CC | Total | p | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Mean age | 35.9 | 30.2 | 36.3 | 50.5 | 38.6 | <0.005 | |||||
Age | <0.005 | ||||||||||
<31 | 25 | 45.45 | 40 | 58.82 | 3 | 50.00 | 3 | 4.92 | 71 | 37.37 | |
31–40 | 12 | 21.82 | 19 | 27.94 | 1 | 16.67 | 13 | 21.31 | 45 | 23.68 | |
41–51 | 9 | 16.36 | 7 | 10.29 | 2 | 33.33 | 19 | 31.15 | 37 | 19.47 | |
>51 | 9 | 16.36 | 2 | 2.94 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 42.62 | 37 | 19.47 | |
Age at menarche | 0.363 | ||||||||||
<14 | 32 | 58.18 | 43 | 63.23 | 3 | 50 | 31 | 50.82 | 109 | 57.37 | |
14–16 | 23 | 41.82 | 21 | 30.88 | 3 | 50 | 23 | 37.70 | 70 | 36.84 | |
>16 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4.41 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 6.56 | 7 | 3.68 | |
Did not answer | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.47 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4.92 | 4 | 2.11 | |
Age at menopause | <0.005 | ||||||||||
<45 | 3 | 5.45 | 1 | 1.47 | 1 | 16.67 | 11 | 18.03 | 16 | 8.42 | |
45–49 | 7 | 12.73 | 2 | 2.94 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 21.31 | 22 | 11.58 | |
>49 | 4 | 7.27 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 16.67 | 4 | 6.56 | 9 | 4.74 | |
No menopause | 39 | 70.91 | 63 | 92.65 | 4 | 66.67 | 20 | 32.79 | 126 | 66.32 | |
Did not answer | 2 | 3.64 | 2 | 2.94 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 21.31 | 17 | 8.95 | |
Age at first sexual intercourse | <0.005 | ||||||||||
<16 | 5 | 9.09 | 6 | 8.82 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 29.51 | 29 | 15.26 | |
16–20 | 36 | 65.45 | 37 | 54.41 | 5 | 83.33 | 32 | 52.46 | 110 | 57.89 | |
>20 | 14 | 24.45 | 24 | 35.29 | 1 | 16.67 | 8 | 13.11 | 47 | 24.74 | |
Did not answer | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.47 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4.92 | 4 | 2.11 | |
Geographical region of Guerrero | <0.005 | ||||||||||
Costa Chica | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.47 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 11.48 | 8 | 4.21 | |
Costa Grande | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 14.75 | 9 | 4.74 | |
La Montaña | 3 | 5.45 | 6 | 8.82 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 8.20 | 14 | 7.37 | |
Tierra Caliente | 1 | 1.82 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3.28 | 3 | 1.58 | |
Acapulco | 5 | 9.09 | 6 | 8.82 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 18.03 | 22 | 11.58 | |
Zona Centro | 41 | 74.55 | 51 | 75.00 | 6 | 100 | 10 | 16.39 | 108 | 56.84 | |
Zona Norte | 2 | 3.64 | 3 | 4.41 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 14.75 | 14 | 7.37 | |
Did not answer | 3 | 5.45 | 1 | 1.47 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 13.11 | 12 | 6.32 | |
Total | 55 | 100 | 68 | 100 | 6 | 100 | 61 | 100 | 190 | 100 |
E7 Region | Frequency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
647 | 666 | 678 | 712 | 732 | 765 | 789 | 795 | Non IL | LSIL | HSIL | CC | Total | |||||||||||||
Variants | A | G | T | C | T | C | T | T | Aa Change in E7 a | n | % | n | % | OR (95% CI) | p | n | % | OR (95% CI) | p | n | % | OR (95% CI) | p | n | % |
E7-prototype | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 48 | 87.27 | 53 | 77.94 | 1 b | - | 3 | 50.0 | 1 b | - | 38 | 62.29 | 1 b | - | 142 | 74.74 |
E7-C732/C789/G795 | - | - | - | - | c | - | c | g | - | 7 | 12.72 | 8 | 11.76 | 1.03 (0.35–3.07) | 0.950 | 3 | 50.0 | 6.86 (1.15–40.9) | 0.35 | 21 | 34.42 | 3.79 (1.46–9.85) | 0.006 | 39 | 20.53 |
E7-A666 | - | a | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 2.94 | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | - | - | 2 | 3.28 | - | - | 4 | 2.11 |
E7-A712 | - | - | - | A | - | - | - | - | H51N | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 2.94 | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | - | - | 2 | 1.05 |
E7-C678 | - | - | c | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.47 | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | - | - | 1 | 0.53 |
E7-T765 | - | - | - | - | - | t | - | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.47 | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | - | - | 1 | 0.53 |
E7-G647/C789/G795 | G | - | - | - | - | - | c | g | N29S | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.47 | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | - | - | 1 | 0.53 |
Total | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 39 | 1 | 40 | 40 | 55 | 100 | 68 | 100 | 6 | 100 | 61 | 100 | 190 | 100 |
Non IL | LSIL | HSIL | CC | Total | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sublineage | E6 Variants | E7 Variants | n | % | n | % | OR (95% IC) | p | n | % | OR (95% IC) | p | n | % | OR (95% IC) | p | n | % |
A1 | 13 | 23.6 | 7 | 10.3 | 1 | 16.7 | 3 | 4.9 | 24 | 12.6 | ||||||||
E-prototype | E7-prototype | 10 | 18.2 | 7 | 10.3 | 1 a | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 1.6 | 1 a | - | 18 | 9.5 | |
E-prototype | E7-732/C789/G795 | 1 | 1.8 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 16.7 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 2 | 1.1 | |
E-G131 | E7-prototype | 1 | 1.8 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 2 | 3.3 | 20 (0.85–471.57) | 0.063 | 3 | 1.6 | |
E-G131 | E7-732/C789/G795 | 1 | 1.8 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 0.5 | |
A2 | 38 | 69.1 | 51 | 75 | 2 | 33.3 | 36 | 59 | 127 | 66.8 | ||||||||
E-G350 | E7-prototype | 23 | 41.8 | 29 | 42.6 | 1.8 (0.59–5.47) | 0.29 | 2 | 33.3 | - | - | 16 | 26.2 | 6.95 (0.8–59.9) | 0.08 | 70 | 36.8 | |
E-G350 | E7-A666 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2.9 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 2 | 3.3 | - | - | 4 | 2.1 | |
E-G350 | E7-A712 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 0.5 | |
E-G350 | E7-T765 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 0.5 | |
E-G350 | E7-732/C789/G795 | 2 | 3.6 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 1.6 | 5 (0.21–117.89) | 0.32 | 3 | 1.6 | |
E-C109/G350 | E7-prototype | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 2 | 3.3 | - | - | 3 | 1.6 | |
E-G110/G350 | E7-prototype | 1 | 1.8 | 1 | 1.5 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 2 | 1.1 | |
E-G131/G350 | E7-prototype | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 1.6 | - | - | 1 | 0.5 | |
E-131/C188/G350 | E7-prototype | 1 | 1.8 | 1 | 1.5 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 2 | 1.1 | |
E-A176/G350 | E7-prototype | 3 | 5.5 | 2 | 2.9 | 0.95 (0.12–7.28) | 0.96 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 7 | 11.5 | 23.33 (1.99–273.3) | 0.012 | 12 | 6.3 | |
E-A176/G350 | E7-732/C789/G795 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 1.6 | - | - | 1 | 0.5 | |
E-C182/G350 | E7-prototype | 1 | 1.8 | 1 | 1.5 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 2 | 1.1 | |
E-T182/G350 | E7-prototype | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 1.6 | - | - | 1 | 0.5 | |
E-C183/G350 | E7-prototype | 3 | 5.5 | 1 | 1.5 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 4 | 2.1 | |
E-G185/G350 | E7-prototype | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 1.6 | - | - | 1 | 0.5 | |
E-A188/G350 | E7-prototype | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 1.6 | - | - | 1 | 0.5 | |
E-C188/G350 | E7-prototype | 2 | 3.6 | 5 | 7.4 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 3 | 4.9 | - | - | 10 | 5.3 | |
E-C188/G350 | E7-C678 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 0.5 | |
E-C188/G350 | E7-A712 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 0.5 | |
E-C188/G310/G350 | E7-prototype | 1 | 1.8 | 1 | 1.5 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 2 | 1.1 | |
E-G189/T256/G350 | E7-prototype | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 0.5 | |
E-G257/G350 | E7-prototype | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 0.5 | |
E-C442/G350 | E7-prototype | 1 | 1.8 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 0.5 | |
E-G535/G350 | E7-prototype | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 0.5 | |
C1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | ||||||||
Af2-a/C109/G403 | E7-647/C789/G795 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 0.5 | |
D2 | 4 | 7.3 | 9 | 13.2 | 3 | 50 | 22 | 36.1 | 38 | 20.0 | ||||||||
AA-a | E7-prototype | 1 | 1.8 | 1 | 1.5 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 2 | 1.1 | |
AA-a | E7-732/C789/G795 | 1 | 1.8 | 5 | 7.4 | 7.14 (0.68–75.22) | 0.10 | 2 | 33.3 | - | - | 11 | 18 | 110 (6.04–2001.3) | 0.001 | 19 | 10.0 | |
AA-c | E7-prototype | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 16.7 | - | - | 3 | 4.9 | - | - | 4 | 2.1 | |
AA-c | E7-732/C789/G795 | 2 | 3.6 | 3 | 4.4 | 2.14 (0.28–16.37) | 0.46 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 7 | 11.5 | 35 (2.63–465.37) | 0.007 | 12 | 6.3 | |
AA-c/G185 | E7-732/C789/G795 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 1.6 | - | - | 1 | 0.5 | |
Total | 55 | 100 | 68 | 100 | 6 | 100 | 61 | 100 | 190 | 100 |
E7 HPV16 Variant | E7-prototype | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variant | Total | CC | Non-IL/SIL | Total | CC | Total | CC | Country | Reference | ||||
N | N | N | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |||
Africa | |||||||||||||
E7-C789/G795 | 21 | 21 | 0 | 9 | 43 | 9 | 43 | 3 | 14 | 3 | 14 | Tanzania | Eschle et al., 1992 [34] |
E7-C789/G795 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 100 | 3 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Uganda | Buonaguro et al., 2000 [35] |
E7-C789/G795 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 13 | 100 | 13 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Congo | Boumba et al., 2015 [36] |
America | |||||||||||||
E7-C732/C789/G795 | 190 | 61 | 129 | 39 | 21 | 21 | 34 | 142 | 75 | 38 | 62 | Mexico | This study |
E7-C732/C789/G795 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 72 | 0 | 0 | EU(Texas) | Swan et al., 2005 [28] |
E7-C732/C789/G795 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 3 | 12 | 3 | 12 | 15 | 60 | 15 | 60 | Suriname | De Boer et al., 2004 [27] |
E7-C732/C789/G795 | 15 | ND | ND | 3 | 20 | ND | ND | 8 | 53 | ND | ND | Panama, EU | Icenogle et al., 1991 [26] |
E7-A712 | 12 | 0 | 12 | 2 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 50 | 0 | 0 | Uruguay | Ramas et al., 2018 [37] |
E7-C789/G795 | 11 | 11 | 0 | 6 | 55 | 6 | 55 | 3 | 27 | 3 | 27 | Barbados | Smits et al., 1994 [38] |
E7-C732 | 52 | ND | ND | 7 | 13 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | Costa Rica | Safaenian et al., 2010 [39] |
E7-C789 | 52 | ND | ND | 8 | 15 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | Costa Rica | Safaenian et al., 2010 [39] |
E7-G795 | 52 | ND | ND | 8 | 15 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | Costa Rica | Safaenian et al., 2010 [39] |
Asia | |||||||||||||
E7-G647/C846 | 292 | 0 | 292 | 125 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 125 | 43 | 0 | 0 | China | Zhang et al., 2015 [40] |
E7-G647/C846 | 167 | 53 | 114 | 126 | 75 | 37 | 70 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 4 | China | Ding et al., 2010 [41] |
E7-G647/C846 | 98 | 0 | 98 | 63 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 14 | 0 | 0 | China | Zhao et al., 2020 [42] |
E7-G647/C846 | 97 | 0 | 97 | 62 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | China | Cao et al., 2016 [43] |
E7-G647/C846 | 76 | 76 | 0 | 26 | 34 | 26 | 34 | 15 | 20 | 15 | 20 | China | Sun et al., 2012 [44] |
E7-G647/C846 | 47 | 47 | 0 | 29 | 62 | 29 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | China | Wu et al., 2006 [23] |
E7-G647/C846 | 58 | 38 | 20 | 36 | 62 | 26 | 68 | ND | ND | 1 | 3 | China | Yang et al., 2014 [45] |
E7-G647/C846 | 157 | 43 | 114 | 128 | 82 | 41 | 95 | 4 | 3 | ND | ND | Taiwan | Chang et al., 2013 [31] |
E7-G647/C846 | 15 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 40 | 5 | 56 | 3 | 20 | 2 | 22 | Japan | Fujinaga et al., 1994 [46] |
E7-G647/C846 | 31 | 0 | 31 | 18 | 58 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 0 | Japan | Ishizaki et al., 2013 [47] |
E7-G647/C846 | 24 | 0 | 24 | 5 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 75 | 0 | 0 | Philippines | Ishizaki et al., 2013 [47] |
E7-G647/C846 | 24 | 0 | 24 | 20 | 83 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Vietnam | Ishizaki et al., 2013 [47] |
E7-G647/C846 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 3 | 33 | 3 | 33 | 3 | 33 | 3 | 33 | Thailand | Chansaenroj et al., 2012 [29] |
E7-C732/C789/G795 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 3 | 33 | 3 | 33 | 3 | 33 | 3 | 33 | Thailand | Chansaenroj et al., 2012 [29] |
E7-G647 | 141 | 25 | 116 | 63 | 45 | 18 | 72 | 55 | 39 | 5 | 20 | Korea | Lee et al., 2011 [24] |
E7-G647 | 133 | 31 | 102 | 118 | 89 | 55 | 41 | 15 | 11 | 2 | 7 | Korea | Park et al., 2016 [48] |
E7-G647 | 56 | 0 | 56 | 36 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 13 | 0 | 0 | Korea | Choi et al., 2007 [49] |
E7-G647 | 42 | 27 | 15 | 25 | 60 | 19 | 70 | 8 | 19 | 3 | 11 | Korea | Song et al., 1997 [50] |
E7-G647 | 143 | 81 | 62 | 54 | 38 | 29 | 36 | ND | ND | ND | ND | India | Radhakrishna Pillai et al., 2002 [51] |
E7-G647 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 42 | 98 | 42 | 98 | China | He et al., 2016 [52] |
E7-G647 | 31 | 0 | 31 | 24 | 77 | 0 | 0 | ND | ND | 0 | 0 | China | Zhao et al., 2019 [53] |
E7-G647 | 31 | 31 | 0 | 19 | 61 | 19 | 61 | 9 | 29 | 9 | 29 | Thailand | Vaeteewoottacharn et al., 2003 [54] |
E7-C646 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 21 | 21 | 0 | 0 | ND | ND | 0 | 0 | China | Zhang et al., 2016 [55] |
E7-A666 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 20 | 39 | 20 | 39 | 8 | 15 | 8 | 15 | China | Shang et al., 2011 [56] |
E7-A666 | 22 | 22 | 0 | 15 | 68 | 15 | 68 | 2 | 9 | 2 | 9 | Indonesia | De Boer et al., 2004 [27] |
E7-C789/G795 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 52 | 87 | 52 | 87 | India (North) | Pande et al., 2008 [57] |
E7-C732/C789/G795 | 110 | 94 | 16 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 95 | 86 | 80 | 85 | India | Mazumder Indra et al., 2011 [30] |
Europe | |||||||||||||
E7-C732/T749/G795 | 124 | 28 | 96 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 14 | 103 | 83 | 19 | 68 | Romania | Plesa et al., 2014 [58] |
E7-G822 | 112 | 37 | 75 | 15 | 13 | 4 | 11 | 89 | 80 | 32 | 87 | Germany | Nindl et al., 1999 [59] |
E7-G822 | 61 | 31 | 30 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 7 | 55 | 90 | 27 | 87 | Sweden | Hu et al., 2001 [60] |
E7-G822 | 40 | 40 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 35 | 88 | 35 | 88 | Slovenia | Vrtačnik Bokal et al., 2010 [61] |
E7-C789/G795 | 90 | 36 | 54 | 10 | 11 | 4 | 11 | 71 | 79 | 24 | 67 | Italy | Tornesello et al., 2004 [62] |
E7-C789/G795 | 14 | 0 | 14 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 93 | 0 | 0 | Italy | Garbuglia et al., 2007 [63] |
E7-C789/G795 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 3 | 11 | 3 | 11 | 21 | 78 | 21 | 78 | Netherlands | De Boer et al., 2004 [27] |
E7-C732/C789/G795 | 29 | 0 | 29 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 93 | 0 | 0 | Italy | Cento et al., 2009 [64] |
E7-T616 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 13 | 1 | 33 | 7 | 88 | 2 | 67 | Netherlands | Smits et al., 1994 [38] |
- | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 100 | 6 | 100 | Germany | Eschle et al., 1992 [34] |
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Antaño-Arias, R.; Del Moral-Hernández, O.; Ortiz-Ortiz, J.; Alarcón-Romero, L.D.C.; Navor-Hernández, J.A.; Leyva-Vázquez, M.A.; Jiménez-López, M.A.; Organista-Nava, J.; Illades-Aguiar, B. E6/E7 Variants of Human Papillomavirus 16 Associated with Cervical Carcinoma in Women in Southern Mexico. Pathogens 2021, 10, 773. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060773
Antaño-Arias R, Del Moral-Hernández O, Ortiz-Ortiz J, Alarcón-Romero LDC, Navor-Hernández JA, Leyva-Vázquez MA, Jiménez-López MA, Organista-Nava J, Illades-Aguiar B. E6/E7 Variants of Human Papillomavirus 16 Associated with Cervical Carcinoma in Women in Southern Mexico. Pathogens. 2021; 10(6):773. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060773
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntaño-Arias, Ramón, Oscar Del Moral-Hernández, Julio Ortiz-Ortiz, Luz Del Carmen Alarcón-Romero, Jorge Adán Navor-Hernández, Marco Antonio Leyva-Vázquez, Marco Antonio Jiménez-López, Jorge Organista-Nava, and Berenice Illades-Aguiar. 2021. "E6/E7 Variants of Human Papillomavirus 16 Associated with Cervical Carcinoma in Women in Southern Mexico" Pathogens 10, no. 6: 773. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060773
APA StyleAntaño-Arias, R., Del Moral-Hernández, O., Ortiz-Ortiz, J., Alarcón-Romero, L. D. C., Navor-Hernández, J. A., Leyva-Vázquez, M. A., Jiménez-López, M. A., Organista-Nava, J., & Illades-Aguiar, B. (2021). E6/E7 Variants of Human Papillomavirus 16 Associated with Cervical Carcinoma in Women in Southern Mexico. Pathogens, 10(6), 773. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060773