Neglect in Older Adults: A Sociodemographic and Health Approach in the Portuguese Context
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Sociodemographic Questionnaire
2.2.2. Risk of Violence
2.2.3. Indicators of Exposure to Neglect
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Risk of Violence and Indicators of Exposure to Neglect
3.2. Indicators of Exposure to Neglect According to Sociodemographic Characteristics and Health Habits
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. VASS Items
1 | Are you afraid of someone in your family? |
2 | Has anyone close to you recently tried to hurt or harm you? |
3 | Has anyone close to you recently insulted you, humiliated you, or made you feel bad? |
4 | Do you have enough privacy in your home? |
5 | Do you trust most people in your family? |
6 | Can you take responsibility for taking your medications and “get along” on your own on a day-to-day basis? |
7 | Do you often feel sad or alone? |
8 | Do you feel like no one wants you around? |
9 | Do you feel unhappy with someone in your family? |
10 | Does anyone in your family make you stay in bed or tell you that you are sick when you are not? |
11 | Did someone force you to do something you didn’t want to do? |
12 | Has anyone taken things that belonged to you without your permission? |
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n | % | |
---|---|---|
Age M (SD) | 70.66 (4.87) | |
Age groups | ||
65–69 years | 516 | 51 |
70–74 years | 314 | 31 |
75–79 years | 121 | 12 |
≥80 years | 61 | 6 |
Gender | ||
Woman | 770 | 76 |
Man | 236 | 23 |
Other | 10 | 1 |
Area of residence | ||
Urban | 719 | 71 |
Semi-urban | 162 | 16 |
Rural | 132 | 13 |
Marital status | ||
Single | 71 | 7 |
Married | 506 | 50 |
Divorced | 243 | 24 |
Widower | 182 | 18 |
Living situation | ||
Alone | 344 | 34 |
Spouse and/or family | 668 | 66 |
Adult children | ||
Yes | 860 | 85 |
Grandchildren | ||
Yes | 719 | 71 |
Education level | ||
Primary | 192 | 19 |
Secondary | 273 | 27 |
Bachelor’s | 374 | 37 |
Master’s or doctorate | 172 | 17 |
Annual income | ||
EUR −7500 | 162 | 16 |
EUR 7500–EUR 21,000 | 334 | 33 |
EUR 21,000–EUR 39,000 | 324 | 32 |
EUR 39,000 | 192 | 19 |
Years of retirement | ||
−5 years | 506 | 50 |
6–15 years | 324 | 32 |
+15 years | 182 | 18 |
n | % | |
---|---|---|
Physical exercise practice | ||
Yes | 638 | 63 |
Hobbies | ||
Yes | 617 | 61 |
Chronic disease | ||
None | 253 | 25 |
One | 374 | 37 |
Comorbidity | 223 | 22 |
Multimorbidity | 172 | 17 |
Alcohol consumption | ||
Yes | 364 | 36 |
Smoking practice | ||
Yes | 142 | 14 |
Interact with neighbors in the community | ||
No | 61 | 6 |
Rarely | 273 | 27 |
Regularly | 688 | 68 |
Frequency of leaving home | ||
Never or rarely | 41 | 4 |
A few times a month | 678 | 67 |
A few times a week | 294 | 29 |
Items | 1 Shopping | 2 Prepare Meals | 3 Housework | 4 Go to Places | 5 Get Up from Bed | 6 Have a Bath | 7 Dress Up | 8 Eat | 9 Go to WC | 10 Medication | 11 Gardening | 12 General Mobility | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
%Response | |||||||||||||
I didn’t need help | 78.4 | 85.2 | 66.2 | 80.7 | 95.8 | 93.7 | 95 | 96.8 | 96.6 | 96.5 | 80.9 | 95 | |
Yes, I needed and got help | 19.3 | 13.2 | 29.9 | 17.3 | 3.6 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 16.5 | 4.5 | |
I needed it but I didn’t get help 1 time | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0 | |
I needed it but I didn’t get help 2 times | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.4 | |
I needed it but didn’t get help 3 to 5 times | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.1 | |
I needed it but didn’t get help 6 to 10 times | 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | |
I needed it but didn’t get help 10 to 20 times | 0.7 | 0 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | |
I needed it but I didn’t get help + 20 times | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0 |
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Jesus, J.C.; von Humboldt, S.; Soares, L.; Leal, I. Neglect in Older Adults: A Sociodemographic and Health Approach in the Portuguese Context. Soc. Sci. 2024, 13, 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13080419
Jesus JC, von Humboldt S, Soares L, Leal I. Neglect in Older Adults: A Sociodemographic and Health Approach in the Portuguese Context. Social Sciences. 2024; 13(8):419. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13080419
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesus, Joana Correia, Sofia von Humboldt, Luisa Soares, and Isabel Leal. 2024. "Neglect in Older Adults: A Sociodemographic and Health Approach in the Portuguese Context" Social Sciences 13, no. 8: 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13080419
APA StyleJesus, J. C., von Humboldt, S., Soares, L., & Leal, I. (2024). Neglect in Older Adults: A Sociodemographic and Health Approach in the Portuguese Context. Social Sciences, 13(8), 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13080419