Drivers for the Acceptance of Green Housing Insurance from the Perspective of House Owners
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Understanding the Acceptance of Green Housing Insurance Based on the Push–Pull Theory
2.1. The Influence of the Push–Pull Theory on Acceptance
2.2. Drivers of the Acceptance of Green Housing Insurance in the Push Dimension
2.2.1. Drivers from Green Housing Characteristics
2.2.2. Drivers from Insurance Function
2.3. Drivers of the Acceptance of Green Housing Insurance in the Pull Dimension
2.3.1. Drivers from Policy Incentives
2.3.2. Drivers from Social Stimulation
2.4. The Driver System for the Acceptance of Green Housing Insurance
3. Methods
3.1. Questionnaire Survey for Data Collection
3.2. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for Driver Analysis
4. Analysis of Drivers
4.1. Reliability and Validity Analysis of Survey Data
4.1.1. Reliability Analysis of Survey Data
4.1.2. Validity Analysis of Survey Data
4.2. Relationships Confirmation and Driver Analysis
4.2.1. Initial Framework of the Model
4.2.2. Model Test and Modification
4.2.3. Hypothesis Verification
4.2.4. Results Analysis
5. Discussion
5.1. Analysis of the Push–Pull Mechanism and Verification
5.1.1. Comprehensive Analysis of the Push–Pull Mechanism
5.1.2. Mechanistic Analysis from the Pull Dimension
5.1.3. Mechanistic Analysis from the Push Dimension
5.1.4. Verification for the Driver Mechanism
5.2. Policy Suggestions
5.2.1. General Strategy of “Pull-Dominant with Push–Pull Parallelism”
5.2.2. Stimulate Premium Subsidies
5.2.3. Innovative Insurance Compensation Forms
5.2.4. Improve Relevant Policies and Regulations
5.2.5. Guide Public Awareness
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
- Pare 1: Background information (Please tick ✓ in the ☐ that applies to you)
- Living in a green housing: ☐ Yes ☐ No
- Living in which city:
- Gender: ☐ Male ☐ Female
- Age: ☐ Below 22 ☐ 22–30 ☐ 31–40 ☐ 41–50 ☐ 51–65 ☐ Over 65
- Educational background: ☐ College degree or below ☐ Bachelor’s degree ☐ Postgraduate degree or above
- Work institution: ☐ Government departments ☐ Construction industry ☐ Manufacturing enterprises ☐ Service industry ☐ Technology companies ☐ Educational institution ☐ Others
- Pare 2: Identification of the influencing degree of each driver on the acceptance of green housing insurance (Points present as 5—very important, 4—important, 3—common, 2—unimportant, and 1—negligible. Please tick ✓ in the ☐ that applies to you)
Code | Drivers | Importance of the Drivers | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
L11 | Premium subsidies | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
L12 | Policies and regulations | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
L13 | Regulatory mechanisms | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
L21 | Public awareness | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
L22 | Public opinion atmosphere | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
T11 | Health and safety | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
T12 | Environment livability | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
T13 | Living convenience | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
T14 | Resource conservation | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
T21 | Economic compensation | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
T22 | Risk management | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
T23 | Order maintenance | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
Appendix B
- Pare 1: Background information (Please tick ✓ in the ☐ that applies to you)
- Profession: ☐ Department directors of insurance companies ☐ Department directors of property management companies ☐ Staffs of local construction authorities ☐ Others institutions (including design organization, consultant firms and research institutions)
- Working years: ☐ Below 5 years ☐ 5–10 years ☐ 11–20 years ☐ Over 20 years
- Pare 2: Identification of the influencing degree of each driver on the acceptance of green housing insurance (Points present as 5—very important, 4—important, 3—common, 2—unimportant, and 1—negligible. Please tick ✓ in the ☐ that applies to you)
Code | Drivers | Importance of the Drivers | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
L11 | Premium subsidies | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
L12 | Policies and regulations | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
L13 | Regulatory mechanisms | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
L21 | Public awareness | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
L22 | Public opinion atmosphere | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
T11 | Health and safety | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
T12 | Environment livability | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
T13 | Living convenience | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
T14 | Resource conservation | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
T21 | Economic compensation | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
T22 | Risk management | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
T23 | Order maintenance | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
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Objective Layers | First-Level Drivers | Second-Level Drivers | Third-Level Drivers | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dimensions | Code | Drivers | Code | Drivers | Code | |
Driver system for the acceptance of green housing insurance | Pull | L | Policy incentives | L1 | Premium subsidies | L11 |
Policies and regulations | L12 | |||||
Regulatory mechanisms | L13 | |||||
Social stimulation | L2 | Public awareness | L21 | |||
Public opinion atmosphere | L22 | |||||
Push | T | Green housing characteristics | T1 | Health and safety | T11 | |
Environment livability | T12 | |||||
Living convenience | T13 | |||||
Resource conservation | T14 | |||||
Insurance function | T2 | Economic compensation | T21 | |||
Risk management | T22 | |||||
Order maintenance | T23 |
Basic Information | Category | Survey Methods | Frequency of Valid Respondents | Ratio (%) | Basic Information | Category | Frequency of Valid Respondents | Ratio (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Profession | Owners of green housing | Distributed on-site and website | 240 | 80.81 | Age | 22–30 | 36 | 15.00 |
31–50 | 180 | 75.00 | ||||||
51–65 | 24 | 10.00 | ||||||
Total | 240 | 100 | ||||||
Department directors of property management companies | Distributed on-site and website | 13 | 4.37 | Working years | 5–10 years | 15 | 26.32 | |
Department directors of insurance companies | Face-to-face, telephone and email | 31 | 10.44 | |||||
11–20 years | 28 | 49.12 | ||||||
Staff of local construction authorities | Face-to-face, telephone and email | 7 | 2.36 | |||||
Over 20 years | 14 | 24.56 | ||||||
Others institutions including design organizations, consultant firms and research institutions | Website and telephone | 6 | 2.02 | |||||
Total | - | 297 | 100 | Total | 57 | 100 |
Driver Variables | Cronbach’s Alpha |
---|---|
Premium subsidies | 0.896 |
Policies and regulations | 0.900 |
Regulatory mechanisms | 0.898 |
Public awareness | 0.901 |
Public opinion atmosphere | 0.898 |
Health and safety | 0.891 |
Environment livability | 0.888 |
Living convenience | 0.895 |
Resource conservation | 0.891 |
Economic compensation | 0.900 |
Risk management | 0.897 |
Order maintenance | 0.902 |
Overall scale variables | 0.904 |
Index Name | GOF Measures | Initial SEM | Recommended Levels | Evaluation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Absolute fit index | X2/df | 1.973 | 1.00–3.00 | Acceptable |
Goodness-of-fit index (GFI) | 0.945 | >0.9 | Acceptable | |
Adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI) | 0.904 | >0.9 | Acceptable | |
Root mean square residual (RMR) | 0.032 | <0.05 | Acceptable | |
Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) | 0.042 | <0.05 | Acceptable | |
Comparative fit index | Normed fit index (NFI) | 0.903 | >0.9 | Acceptable |
Comparative fit index (CFI) | 0.904 | >0.9 | Acceptable | |
Relative fit index (RFI) | 0.922 | >0.9 | Acceptable | |
Parsimony fit index | Akaike information criterion (AIC) | 96.426 | Smaller is better | Acceptable |
Consistent akaike information criterion (CAIC) | 187.339 | Smaller is better | Acceptable |
Path Relationship | Standardized Path Coefficients | S.E. | C.R. | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L | ← | Accept green housing insurance | 0.916 | |||
T | ← | Accept green housing insurance | 0.806 | 0.122 | 9.609 | *** |
T1 | ← | Push dimension | 0.862 | 0.110 | 7.789 | *** |
T2 | ← | Push dimension | 0.826 | 0.121 | 10.278 | *** |
L1 | ← | Pull dimension | 0.845 | |||
L2 | ← | Pull dimension | 0.674 | 0.124 | 10.254 | *** |
L11 | ← | Policy incentives | 0.744 | |||
L12 | ← | Policy incentives | 0.691 | 0.113 | 13.201 | *** |
L13 | ← | Policy incentives | 0.618 | 0.168 | 9.433 | *** |
L21 | ← | Social stimulation | 0.822 | |||
L22 | ← | Social stimulation | 0.780 | 0.085 | 7.671 | *** |
T11 | ← | Green housing characteristics | 0.714 | |||
T12 | ← | Green housing characteristics | 0.708 | 0.073 | 10.271 | *** |
T13 | ← | Green housing characteristics | 0.694 | 0.087 | 10.385 | *** |
T14 | ← | Green housing characteristics | 0.670 | 0.112 | 9.178 | *** |
T21 | ← | Insurance function | 0.823 | |||
T22 | ← | Insurance function | 0.690 | 0.096 | 9.661 | *** |
T23 | ← | Insurance function | 0.668 | 0.082 | 10.048 | *** |
First-Level Drivers | Standardized Path Coefficients | Relative Importance Weights | Ranking |
---|---|---|---|
L | 0.916 | 0.532 | 1 |
T | 0.806 | 0.468 | 2 |
Second-Level Drivers | Standardized Path Coefficients | Relative Importance Weights | Ranking |
---|---|---|---|
L1 | 0.845 | 0.449 | 1 |
L2 | 0.674 | 0.359 | 4 |
T1 | 0.862 | 0.403 | 2 |
T2 | 0.826 | 0.387 | 3 |
Second-Level Drivers | Third-Level Drivers | Standardized Path Coefficients | Relative Importance Weights | Ranking in All | Ranking Within Each Dimension |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
L1 (0.449) | L11 | 0.744 | 0.334 | 1 | 1 |
L12 | 0.691 | 0.311 | 3 | 2 | |
L13 | 0.618 | 0.278 | 9 | 3 | |
L2 (0.359) | L21 | 0.822 | 0.295 | 4 | 1 |
L22 | 0.780 | 0.280 | 7 | 2 | |
T1 (0.403) | T11 | 0.714 | 0.288 | 5 | 1 |
T12 | 0.708 | 0.286 | 6 | 2 | |
T13 | 0.694 | 0.280 | 7 | 3 | |
T14 | 0.670 | 0.270 | 10 | 4 | |
T2 (0.387) | T21 | 0.823 | 0.318 | 2 | 1 |
T22 | 0.690 | 0.267 | 11 | 2 | |
T23 | 0.668 | 0.258 | 12 | 3 |
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She, Y.; Pu, N.; Wang, Y.; Li, J.; Peng, X.; Lv, Q.; Ma, M. Drivers for the Acceptance of Green Housing Insurance from the Perspective of House Owners. Buildings 2025, 15, 1241. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15081241
She Y, Pu N, Wang Y, Li J, Peng X, Lv Q, Ma M. Drivers for the Acceptance of Green Housing Insurance from the Perspective of House Owners. Buildings. 2025; 15(8):1241. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15081241
Chicago/Turabian StyleShe, Yujuan, Nan Pu, Ying Wang, Jiahao Li, Xinyi Peng, Qiguang Lv, and Mingxue Ma. 2025. "Drivers for the Acceptance of Green Housing Insurance from the Perspective of House Owners" Buildings 15, no. 8: 1241. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15081241
APA StyleShe, Y., Pu, N., Wang, Y., Li, J., Peng, X., Lv, Q., & Ma, M. (2025). Drivers for the Acceptance of Green Housing Insurance from the Perspective of House Owners. Buildings, 15(8), 1241. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15081241