Exploratory Systematic Review of Mixed Martial Arts: An Overview of Performance of Importance Factors with over 20,000 Athletes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Procedure
2.2. Search Strategy
2.3. Eligibility Criteria
2.4. Quality Assessment
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characteristics of the Studies and Risk of Bias
3.2. Main Findings
3.2.1. Injuries
3.2.2. Weight Loss
3.2.3. Technical and Tactical Analysis
3.2.4. Physical Fitness and Performance
3.2.5. Physiological Responses and Training Characteristics
3.2.6. Psychobiological Parameters
3.2.7. Intervention Studies
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
UFC | Ultimate Fighting Championship |
1RM | one-repetition maximum |
RSI | reactive strength index |
AU | arbitrary units |
SJ | squat jump |
CMJ | countermovement jump |
FMS | functional movement screen |
AUC | area under the curve |
RPE | rating perceived exertion |
MMA | Mixed Martial Arts |
KO | knockout |
TKO | technical knockout |
PRISMA | Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses |
PECO | participants, exposure, comparators and outcomes |
mTBI | mild traumatic brain injury |
RWL | rapid weight loss |
BM | body mass |
WG | weight regain |
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Study | Objective | Main Findings |
---|---|---|
Miarka et al. [78] | Comparison of time–motion between male weight divisions and rounds in 2097 bouts of UFC events. | Heavyweight athletes presented a shorter high effort time in the first and third rounds. Fly- and lightweight divisions also spent more time in low-intensity in the first round. In the second round, bantamweight spent a shorter time performing lower-intensity actions than fly- and lightweight division. Featherweight spent more time performing high-intensity groundwork than fly-, light-, and middleweight divisions. In the third round, bantamweight spent more time executing groundwork at high intensity than the four other divisions. |
Miarka et al. [84] | Comparison of time–motion and technical–tactical analysis between sexes and weight categories (light- and middleweight) in UFC fights. | Male middleweight athletes spent a longer time in standing activity (striking or standing in preparatory activity) than other sex/divisions and longer time on groundwork than male lightweight. Male lightweight presented longer standing fight activity than the other sex/divisions and spend more time between actions in both standing and on groundwork when compared to female middleweight. |
Miarka et al. [82] | Comparison of time–motion and technical–tactical analysis between rounds and between winners and losers. | Winners presented higher total strikes and takedown attempts in the first round. Furthermore, the winners performed a higher total of head and body strike attempts in the first and second rounds than in the third round. Submission attempts were more frequent in the first round, while advances in the mount and half-guard were more frequent in the second round. Regarding combat phases, in the third quartile of the first round, the time spent in low-intensity activity was higher than in the third round. In the third quartile of the third round, the time spend on low-intensity activity was higher than in the second round. |
Brito et al. [95] | Comparison of the motor actions of winners and losers with consideration of doping status. | Athletes who tested positive for doping had a higher physical performance, such as effort and pause time, however, doping did not reflect better technical performance. |
Miarka et al. [82] | Comparison of-motion and technical–tactical analysis between rounds of female combats in the UFC. | The total strike attempts, head strike attempts while standing, and total leg strike attempts while standing were higher in bouts finished by judges’ decision. Total body strike attempts were more frequent in fights ended by split decision. Total head strike attempts in groundwork position and advances to half guard were higher in bouts finished by KO/TKO than by decision. Passes to side control were higher in fights ended vis submission than decision. Advance to mount was higher in bouts finished by unanimous decision than by KO/TKO. Submission attempts were greater in bouts finished by submission than all others. |
Dal Bello et al. [88] | Comparison of grappling actions to fight outcomes. | Takedown attempts were more frequent in fights finished by judges’ decision than by KO/TKO. Takedown success was more frequent in decision and KO/TKO finished bouts than those finished by submission. Total submission attempts were more frequent in decision and KO/TKO than in bouts won by submission. All type choke attempts were more frequent in bouts finished by decision than those by submission. |
Miarka et al. [96] | Comparison of time–motion and technical–tactical analysis between rounds. | The percentage of low-intensity activity was more prevalent in the fifth round, while the percentage of high-intensity activities was more prevalent in the fourth round. In the first and fourth rounds, strikes attempts were less frequent than in the first and second rounds. |
Miarka et al. [85] | Comparison of home advantage effect on time–motion and technical–tactical analysis | Total strikes landed and attempted and head and body strike attempts were lower when the athletes were in home advantage. |
Testosterone (nmol·L−1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
(−24 h) | (−1 h) | 0 h | +24 h | |
Winners | 20.05 ± 2.13 * | 15.90 ± 1.18 * | 11.92 ± 1.79 * | 17.75 ± 2.00 * |
Losers | 15.91 ± 2.40 * | 10.16 ± 3.52 * | 7.14 ± 2.73 * | 11.61 ± 1.79 * |
Total | 17.98 ± 3.06 * | 13.03 ± 3.90 * | 9.53 ± 3.33 * | 14.68 ± 4.02 * |
Cortisol (nmol·L−1) | ||||
Winners | 580.63 ± 83.18 * | 706.00 ± 64.65 * | 949.98 ± 59.20 * | 522.22 ± 73.69 * |
Losers | 387.29 ± 147.64 Υ | 482.03 ± 180.55 * | 802.21 ± 94.43 * | 351.69 ± 109.86 Υ |
Total | 483.96 ± 153.10 * | 594.02 ± 144.99 * | 876.09 ± 107.84 * | 436.96 ± 126.26 * |
Testosterone/Cortisol | ||||
Winners | 34.76 ± 2.38 Υ | 22.56 ± 8.52 * | 12.49 ± 1.10 * | 34.13 ± 1.43 Υ |
Losers | 40.15 ± 4.88 * | 22.85 ± 7.70 * | 8.66 ± 2.42 * | 10.57 ± 2.69 * |
Total | 37.45 ± 4.65 * | 22.70 ± 5.31 * | 10.57 ± 2.69 * | 34.30 ± 4.73 * |
Glucose (mg/dl) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
(−24 h) | (−1 h) | 0 h | +24 h | |
Winners | 4.48 ± 0.35 * | 5.43 ± 0.83 * | 11.73 ± 2.30 * | 4.03 ± 0.21 * |
Losers | 3.80 ± 0.44 Υ | 4.20 ± 0.49 * | 8.27 ± 1.33 *¶ | 3.62 ± 0.18 * |
Total | 4.14 ± 0.52 * | 4.81 ± 0.92 * | 10.00 ± 2.55 * | 3.82 ± 0.28 * |
Lactate (nmol·L−1) | ||||
Winners | 1.32 ± 0.47 * | 2.02 ± 0.61 Υ | 2.37 ± 3.18 * | 1.72 ± 0.68 Υ |
Losers | 1.44 ± 0.27 * | 2.22 ± 0.42 * | 3.88 ± 1.30 * | 1.82 ± 0.47 * |
Total | 1.38 ± 0.38 * | 2.12 ± 0.52 * | 13.13 ± 2.51 * | 1.77 ± 0.52 * |
Creatine Kinase (U/L) | ||||
Winners | 510.17 ± 288.12 Φ | 418.31 ± 277.67 + | 491.40 ± 278.08 + | 1304.73 ± 904.13 * |
Losers | 553.13 ± 128.31 ? | 449.46 ± 144.27 * | 492.21 ± 155.19 + | 1520.48 ± 609.66 * |
Total | 531.15 ± 218.19 * | 433.89 ± 215.95 * | 491.81 ± 219.17 + | 1412.69 ± 758.63 * |
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Bueno, J.C.A.; Faro, H.; Lenetsky, S.; Gonçalves, A.F.; Dias, S.B.C.D.; Ribeiro, A.L.B.; da Silva, B.V.C.; Filho, C.A.C.; de Vasconcelos, B.M.; Serrão, J.C.; et al. Exploratory Systematic Review of Mixed Martial Arts: An Overview of Performance of Importance Factors with over 20,000 Athletes. Sports 2022, 10, 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10060080
Bueno JCA, Faro H, Lenetsky S, Gonçalves AF, Dias SBCD, Ribeiro ALB, da Silva BVC, Filho CAC, de Vasconcelos BM, Serrão JC, et al. Exploratory Systematic Review of Mixed Martial Arts: An Overview of Performance of Importance Factors with over 20,000 Athletes. Sports. 2022; 10(6):80. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10060080
Chicago/Turabian StyleBueno, João C. A., Heloiana Faro, Seth Lenetsky, Aleksandro F. Gonçalves, Stefane B. C. D. Dias, André L. B. Ribeiro, Bruno V. C. da Silva, Carlos A. Cardoso Filho, Bruna M. de Vasconcelos, Júlio C. Serrão, and et al. 2022. "Exploratory Systematic Review of Mixed Martial Arts: An Overview of Performance of Importance Factors with over 20,000 Athletes" Sports 10, no. 6: 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10060080