Distribution of Rachiplusia nu and Chrysodeixis includens in Bt and Conventional Soybean Fields in Brazil
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection
2.2. Species Identification
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Region | 2021/22 | 2022/23 | 2023/24 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-Bt | Cry1Ac | Cry1Ac × Cry1F | Non-Bt | Cry1Ac | Cry1Ac × Cry1F | Non-Bt | Cry1Ac | Cry1Ac × Cry1F | |
Goiás/DF | 65 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 20 | 14 | 80 | 45 | 23 |
Maranhão | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Mato Grosso | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 0 |
Mato Grosso do Sul | 19 | 60 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 41 | 44 | 36 |
Minas Gerais | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 40 | 20 | 30 | 4 | 0 |
Paraná | 30 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 56 | 69 | 44 |
Rio Grande do Sul | 13 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
São Paulo | 79 | 79 | 0 | 116 | 116 | 47 | 16 | 21 | 0 |
Tocantins | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 206 | 192 | 32 | 255 | 216 | 121 | 286 | 183 | 110 |
Season | Soybean Technology | n | N | Mean ± SE | Chrysodeixis includens (%) | Rachiplusia nu (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2021/22 | Non-Bt | 206 | 9 | 22.9 ± 4.8 | 39.3 | 60.7 |
Cry1Ac | 192 | 11 | 17.5 ± 3.0 * | 3.1 | 96.9 | |
Cry1Ac × Cry1F | 32 | 3 | 10.7 ± 4.7 | 15.6 | 84.4 | |
Total | 430 | 23 | 18.7 ± 2.5 | 21.4 | 78.6 | |
2022/23 | Non-Bt | 255 | 13 | 19.6 ± 1.2 * | 18.8 | 81.2 |
Cry1Ac | 216 | 9 | 24.0 ± 2.7 * | 4.2 | 95.8 | |
Cry1Ac × Cry1F | 121 | 8 | 15.1 ± 2.6 * | 5.8 | 94.2 | |
Total | 592 | 30 | 19.7 ± 1.3 | 10.8 | 89.2 | |
2023/24 | Non-Bt | 286 | 18 | 15.9 ± 2.0 | 49.0 | 51.0 |
Cry1Ac | 183 | 11 | 16.6 ± 2.9 * | 0.0 | 100.0 | |
Cry1Ac × Cry1F | 110 | 9 | 12.2 ± 2.4 * | 0.9 | 99.1 | |
Total | 579 | 38 | 15.2 ± 1.4 | 21.1 | 78.9 | |
Total (2021–2024) | 1601 | 91 | 17.6 ± 1.0 | 24.4 | 75.6 |
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Godói, C.T.D.; Ishizuka, T.K.; Gotardi, G.A.; Batista, N.R.F.; Marques, L.H.; Santos, A.C.S.; Dal Pogetto, M.H.; Nowatzki, T.; Sethi, A.; Dahmer, M.L. Distribution of Rachiplusia nu and Chrysodeixis includens in Bt and Conventional Soybean Fields in Brazil. Insects 2025, 16, 365. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040365
Godói CTD, Ishizuka TK, Gotardi GA, Batista NRF, Marques LH, Santos ACS, Dal Pogetto MH, Nowatzki T, Sethi A, Dahmer ML. Distribution of Rachiplusia nu and Chrysodeixis includens in Bt and Conventional Soybean Fields in Brazil. Insects. 2025; 16(4):365. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040365
Chicago/Turabian StyleGodói, Carolina T. D., Tamylin K. Ishizuka, Guilherme A. Gotardi, Natália R. F. Batista, Luiz H. Marques, Antônio César S. Santos, Mário H. Dal Pogetto, Timothy Nowatzki, Amit Sethi, and Mark L. Dahmer. 2025. "Distribution of Rachiplusia nu and Chrysodeixis includens in Bt and Conventional Soybean Fields in Brazil" Insects 16, no. 4: 365. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040365
APA StyleGodói, C. T. D., Ishizuka, T. K., Gotardi, G. A., Batista, N. R. F., Marques, L. H., Santos, A. C. S., Dal Pogetto, M. H., Nowatzki, T., Sethi, A., & Dahmer, M. L. (2025). Distribution of Rachiplusia nu and Chrysodeixis includens in Bt and Conventional Soybean Fields in Brazil. Insects, 16(4), 365. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040365