Influence of Physical Activity during Pregnancy on Maternal Hypertensive Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Population
2.2. Intervention
2.3. Comparison
2.4. Outcomes
2.5. Study Design and Selection Process
2.6. Statistical Analysis, Quality of Evidence Assessment, Risk of Bias, and Publication Bias
3. Results
3.1. Study Selection
3.2. Risk of Bias Assessment
3.3. Effect of PA on the Occurrence of Hypertensive Disorders
3.4. Effect of PA during Pregnancy on Diagnosed Preeclampsia
3.5. Effect of PA during Pregnancy on Systolic Blood Pressure
3.6. Effect of PA during Pregnancy on Diastolic Blood Pressure
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author | Year | Country | N | EG | CG | Intervention: Physical Exercise Program | Main Variables Analyzed | Secondary Variables Analyzed | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Freq | Intensity | Duration of Program | Type of Exercise | Superv. Classes | Duration of Class | Adh. | ||||||||
Atkinson [11] | 2022 | Canada | 241 | 119 | 122 | 3–4 | Mod | 22 w | Walking | No | 25–40 min | 80% | Gestational weight gain | Hypertension, type of delivery and birth weight |
Babbar [12] | 2016 | USA | 46 | 23 | 23 | 3 | Mod | 8 w | Yoga | Yes | 60 min | 80% | Umbilical artery, type of delivery, birth weight | Gestational weight gain, hypertension |
Barakat [13] | 2011 | Spain | 80 | 40 | 40 | 3 | Low–Mod | 28 w | Aerobic and light strength, PFMT | Yes | 35–45 min | 90% | Maternal health status, urinary incontinence | Gestational age, type of delivery, hypertension |
Barakat [14] | 2012 | Spain | 83 | 40 | 43 | 3 | Low–Mod | 28 w | Land aerobic and aquatic activity | Yes | 35–45 min | - | Gestational weight gain and gestational diabetes | Type of delivery, birth weight, hypertension |
Barakat [15] | 2012 | Spain | 290 | 138 | 152 | 3 | Mod | 28 w | Aerobic exercise | Yes | 40–45 min | - | Type of delivery | Gestational weight gain, birth weight, hypertension |
Barakat [16] | 2014 | Spain | 200 | 107 | 93 | 3 | Low–Mod | 28 w | Aerobic exercise, PFMT | Yes | 55–60 min | 80% | Gestational weight gain, type of delivery, hypertension, gestational diabetes | Birth weight, head circumference |
Barakat [17] | 2016 | Spain | 765 | 382 | 383 | 3 | Mod | 28 w | Aerobic, strength, and flexibility exercise | Yes | 50–55 min | 80% | Hypertension, macrosomia | Type of delivery, gestational weight gain, birth weight |
Bhartia [18] | 2019 | India | 78 | 38 | 40 | 1 | Mod | 12 w | Yoga | Yes | 50 min | - | Maternal stress, type of delivery, birth weight | Hypertension |
2 | No | |||||||||||||
da Silva [19] | 2017 | Brazil | 639 | 213 | 426 | 3 | Mod | 16 w | Aerobic, strength training | Yes | 60 min | 70% | Preterm birth, preeclampsia, hypertension | Gestational weight gain, birth weight |
de Oliveria [20] | 2012 | Brazil | 111 | 54 | 57 | 3 | 60–80% Max HR | 25 w | Walking | Yes | 15–40 min | 85% | VO2max, birth weight and gestational age | Hypertension |
Fernández-Buhigas [21] | 2020 | Spain | 92 | 41 | 51 | 3 | 50–60% Max HR | 28 w | Aerobic and light strength, PFMT | Yes | 60 min | 70% | Hypertension, metabolic, hepatic | Renal |
Guelfi [22] | 2016 | Australia | 172 | 85 | 87 | 3 | Mod | 14 w | Home-based stationary cycling program | Yes | 20–60 min | - | Gestational diabetes | Type of delivery, birth weight, hypertension |
Haakstad [23] | 2020 | Norway | 90 | 43 | 47 | 2 | Mod | 12 w | Aerobic, PFMT | Yes | 60 min | 80% | Duration of labor, type of delivery, episiotomy | - |
3 | No | 30 min | ||||||||||||
Karthiga [24] | 2022 | India | 234 | 121 | 113 | 7 | Mod | 20 w | Yoga Five sessions of yoga techniques | No | 60 min | - | Gestational hypertension | Type of delivery, duration of labor, birth weight |
Khoram [25] | 2019 | Iran | 74 | 38 | 36 | 4 | Mod | 20 w | Walking | No | 20–30 min | - | Gestational hypertension | Preeclampsia |
Koivusalo [26] | 2016 | Finland | 293 | 155 | 138 | 5 | Mod | 22 w | Aerobic, dietary counseling | No | 30 min | - | Gestational diabetes | Hypertension |
Kong [27] | 2014 | USA | 37 | 18 | 19 | 5 | Mod | 22 w | Walking | No | 30 min | - | BMI, gestational weight gain | Hypertension |
Luoto [28] | 2011 | Finland | 399 | 219 | 180 | 7 | Mod | 27 w | Aerobic, dietary counseling | No | 30 min | - | Gestational diabetes, gestational age | Hypertension |
Murphy [29] | 2022 | USA | 154 | 63 | 21 | 3 | Mod | 20 w | Aerobic | Yes | 50 min | - | Hypertension | Heart rate |
33 | Resistance | |||||||||||||
37 | Combination | |||||||||||||
Perales [30] | 2016 | Spain | 241 | 120 | 121 | 3 | Light Mod | 28 w | Aerobic and strength exercises | Yes | 55–60 min | - | Gestational weight gain, depression, hypertension | Duration of labor, type of delivery, birth weight, |
Petrov Fieril [31] | 2015 | Sweden | 72 | 38 | 34 | 2 | Mod | 12 w | Resistance training | Yes | 60 min | - | Birth weight, gestational age | Hypertension, miscarriage |
Price [32] | 2012 | USA | 62 | 31 | 31 | 4 | Mod | 23 w | Aerobic exercise | Yes | 45–60 min | - | Birth weight | Duration of labor, type of delivery, hypertension |
Rodriguez-Diaz [33] | 2017 | Spain | 100 | 50 | 50 | 2 | Mod | 8 w | Pilates | Yes | 40–45 min | 90% | Gestational weight gain, hypertension, strength, flexibility and spinal curvature | Type of delivery, episiotomy, analgesia, and birth weight |
Ruiz [34] | 2013 | Spain | 962 | 481 | 481 | 3 | Light mod | 28 w | Aerobic and resistance exercises | Yes | 50–55 min | 97% | Gestational weight gain | Hypertension, birth weight, type of delivery |
Sagedal [35] | 2017 | Norway | 591 | 296 | 295 | 2 | Mod | 24 w | Aerobic, strength training. Dietary counselling | Yes | 60 min | - | Gestational weight gain, birth weight | Hypertension, gestational age, perineal tear |
Silva-Jose [36] | 2021 | Spain | 72 | 31 | 41 | 3 | Mod | 28 w | Aerobic, strength exercises, PFMT | Yes | 55–60 min | 80% | Hypertension | Gestational weight gain |
Skow [37] | 2021 | Canada | 59 | 31 | 28 | 3–4 | 50–70% Max HR | 17 w | Aerobic exercises | No | 25–40 min | - | Muscle sympathetic nerve activity | Gestational hypertension |
Stafne [38] | 2012 | Norway | 855 | 429 | 426 | 1 | Mod–High | 12 w | Aerobic, strength exercise | Yes | 60 min | 55% | Gestational diabetes | Hypertension |
2 | No | 45 min | ||||||||||||
Stutzman [39] | 2010 | Canada | 22 | 11 | 11 | 5 | Low | 16 w | Walking | No | 30–50 min | Hypertension, heart rate variability | Baroreflex sensitivity | |
Taniguchi [40] | 2016 | Japan | 118 | 60 | 58 | 3 | Mod | 6 + w | Brisk walking | Yes | 30 min | 80% | Duration of labor, type of delivery, birth weight | - |
Tomic [41] | 2013 | Croatia | 334 | 166 | 168 | 3 | 60–75% Max HR | 28 w | Aerobic exercise | Yes | 50 min | 80% | Hypertension, birth weight, type of delivery | Gestational weight gain |
Ussher [42] | 2015 | UK | 785 | 392 | 393 | 2 | Mod | 6 w | Walking | Yes | 30 min | 70% | Smoking cessation, hypertension | Type of delivery, birth weight |
Vázquez Lara [43] | 2017 | Spain | 46 | 18 | 28 | 2 | Mod | 6 w | Aquatic activities | Yes | 45 min | 90% | Hypertension | Plasma volume |
Yeo [44] | 2010 | USA | 124 | 60 | 64 | 5 | Mod | 18 w | Stretching exercise | No | - | 75% | Preeclampsia | Hypertension |
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Barakat, R.; Silva-Jose, C.; Zhang, D.; Sánchez-Polán, M.; Refoyo, I.; Montejo, R. Influence of Physical Activity during Pregnancy on Maternal Hypertensive Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14010010
Barakat R, Silva-Jose C, Zhang D, Sánchez-Polán M, Refoyo I, Montejo R. Influence of Physical Activity during Pregnancy on Maternal Hypertensive Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2024; 14(1):10. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14010010
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarakat, Rubén, Cristina Silva-Jose, Dingfeng Zhang, Miguel Sánchez-Polán, Ignacio Refoyo, and Rocío Montejo. 2024. "Influence of Physical Activity during Pregnancy on Maternal Hypertensive Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials" Journal of Personalized Medicine 14, no. 1: 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14010010
APA StyleBarakat, R., Silva-Jose, C., Zhang, D., Sánchez-Polán, M., Refoyo, I., & Montejo, R. (2024). Influence of Physical Activity during Pregnancy on Maternal Hypertensive Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 14(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14010010