Symmetries in High-Temperature Lattice QCD with (u,d,s,c,b) Optimal Domain-Wall Quarks

Chiu, Ting-Wai

doi:10.3390/sym17050700

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Symmetries in High-Temperature Lattice QCD with (u,d,s,c,b) Optimal Domain-Wall Quarks

by

Ting-Wai Chiu

^1,2,3,4,5

¹

Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan

²

Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan

³

Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan

⁴

Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei 10617, Taiwan

⁵

Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

Symmetry 2025, 17(5), 700; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17050700 (registering DOI)

Submission received: 7 April 2025 / Revised: 29 April 2025 / Accepted: 1 May 2025 / Published: 3 May 2025

(This article belongs to the Section Physics)

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Abstract

We investigate the spatial z-correlators of meson operators in $N_{f} = 2 + 1 + 1 + 1$ lattice QCD with optimal domain-wall quarks across eight temperatures ranging from 325 to 3250 MeV. The meson operators include a complete set of Dirac bilinears for ten flavor combinations. Our findings reveal a hierarchical restoration of chiral symmetry in QCD with $(u, d, s, c, b)$ quarks, progressing sequentially from $S U {(2)}_{L} \times S U {(2)}_{R} \times U {(1)}_{A}$ to $S U {(3)}_{L} \times S U {(3)}_{R} \times U {(1)}_{A}$ , then to $S U {(4)}_{L} \times S U {(4)}_{R} \times U {(1)}_{A}$ , and finally to $S U {(5)}_{L} \times S U {(5)}_{R} \times U {(1)}_{A}$ as the temperature increases. Additionally, we explore the emergence of the $S U {(2)}_{C S}$ chiral-spin symmetry and compare the temperature windows for all flavor combinations. Our results indicate that the temperature windows for the emergent $S U {(2)}_{C S}$ symmetry are primarily dominated by the $\bar{u} b$ and $\bar{s} b$ sectors.

Keywords: high energy physics; chiral symmetry; lattice QCD; domain-wall fermions

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chiu, T.-W. Symmetries in High-Temperature Lattice QCD with (u,d,s,c,b) Optimal Domain-Wall Quarks. Symmetry 2025, 17, 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17050700

AMA Style

Chiu T-W. Symmetries in High-Temperature Lattice QCD with (u,d,s,c,b) Optimal Domain-Wall Quarks. Symmetry. 2025; 17(5):700. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17050700
Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiu, Ting-Wai. 2025. "Symmetries in High-Temperature Lattice QCD with (u,d,s,c,b) Optimal Domain-Wall Quarks" Symmetry 17, no. 5: 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17050700
APA Style

Chiu, T.-W. (2025). Symmetries in High-Temperature Lattice QCD with (u,d,s,c,b) Optimal Domain-Wall Quarks. Symmetry, 17(5), 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17050700

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Symmetries in High-Temperature Lattice QCD with (u,d,s,c,b) Optimal Domain-Wall Quarks

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