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Symmetry
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1 December 2025

m-Polar Picture Fuzzy Bi-Ideals and Their Applications in Semigroups

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Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
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Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
3
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Surindra Rajabhat University, Surin 32000, Thailand
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Symmetry2025, 17(12), 2051;https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17122051 
(registering DOI)
This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Fuzzy Logic and Mathematics with Applications, 3rd Edition

Abstract

The concept of symmetry is fundamental to the study of algebra; it serves as the basis for a branch of group theory that is essential to abstract algebra. A semigroup is a structure that builds upon the concept of a group, similarly extending the idea of symmetry found within groups. In this study, we specifically focus on semigroups. The main objective of this research is to apply the notion of m-polar picture fuzzy sets (m-PPFSs), with m being a natural number, in investigations into semigroups, as this concept generalizes m-polar fuzzy sets (m-PFSs) and picture fuzzy sets (PFSs). This research introduces the concepts of m-polar picture fuzzy left ideals (m-PPFLs), m-polar picture fuzzy right ideals (m-PPFRs), m-polar picture fuzzy ideals (m-PPFIs), m-polar picture fuzzy bi-ideals (m-PPFBs), and m-polar picture fuzzy generalized bi-ideals (m-PPFGBs) in semigroups. This study examines the relationships between these concepts, showing that every m-PPFL (m-PPFR) in the semigroups is also an m-PPFB, and that every m-PPFB in the semigroups is an m-PPFGB. However, the opposite is not true. Additionally, we provide the characteristics of the m-PPFLs, m-PPFRs, m-PPFIs, m-PPFBs, and m-PPFGBs in semigroups. We further discuss the connections between the m-PPFLs (m-PPFIs) and the m-PPFBs within the framework of regular semigroups, and most importantly, we show that, if the semigroup is regular, then the m-PPFBs and m-PPFGBs are equal. Finally, we utilize the properties of the m-PPFLs, m-PPFRs, m-PPFIs, m-PPFBs, and m-PPFGBs within semigroups to explore the classifications of regular semigroups.

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