A Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism Using CiteSpace: The Perspective of China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Selection of Analysis Tool
2.2. Data Collection Procedure
3. Findings and Discussion
3.1. Analysis of Research Trends
3.2. Main Research Hotspots in the Field of ICH
3.2.1. Main Research Hotspots in the Field of ICH: Keywords Co-Occurrence Analysis
3.2.2. Main Research Hotspots in the Field of ICH: Cluster Timeline Knowledge Map Analysis
- (1)
- Research on the relationship between ICH protection and tourism development
- (2)
- Research on the ICH tourism development model
- (3)
- Research on stakeholders of ICH tourism development
3.2.3. Main Research Hotspots in the Field of ICH: Keywords Burst Map Analysis
4. Implications
5. Conclusions and Future Research
- (1)
- From the perspective of the number of publications, the publication volume of domestic and foreign ICH tourism research journals from 2005 to 2022 showed three stages of steady development, rapid growth, and fluctuating decline, and the research on this subject gradually deepened.
- (2)
- From the perspective of keywords, although scholars have paid increasing attention to new content, such as ethnic minority (NO. 8), authenticity (NO. 16), and cultural space (NO. 18), tourism development has always been a keyword among Chinese papers (NOS. 2, 4, 11, and 12). In other words, people still regard ICH as a tourism resource. The keywords burst of Chinese periodicals over the past three years include “cultural tourism”, “rural revitalization”, and “culture and tourism integration”. This stage focuses on the integration of ICH culture with tourism and rural revitalization. Meanwhile, the emergent keywords in foreign journals include “loyalty”, “motivation”, “conservation”, and “quality”, which indicates that foreign scholars pay more attention to tourist experience.
- (3)
- From the perspective of research hotspots, Chinese journals have formed 9 cluster tags, including “tourism development”, “protection”, “culture and tourism integration”, and “cultural tourism”. No obvious clustering results were observed in foreign journals.
- (4)
- From the perspective of research content, the research on ICH tourism in China mainly revolves around the development of tourism resources. The relationship between development and protection, the tourism development model, and stakeholders in development are the three main research contents. Among them, the development in ethnic minority areas is the focus of Chinese academic circles. Meanwhile, the research on stakeholders emphasizes that based on the protective development of ICH, a protection and development system with inheritors at the core and taking into account multiple stakeholders should be formed. Foreign scholars pay more attention to the connotation, the impact of heritage tourism development, and the dynamic mechanism of ICH tourism and obtained relatively rich results in terms of their research methods and perspectives. Obviously, some differences were observed between domestic and foreign ICH tourism research, with domestic scholars paying more attention to the development and utilization of tourism resources.
- (1)
- First, many studies have explored the development of ICH tourism resources but lack scientific evaluation systems and evaluation methods for tourism development. The current development of ICH tourism resources shows a flourishing phenomenon. The modes and methods of ICH tourism resources development are various and are still innovating. However, previous studies have mostly used the analytic hierarchy process [69], factor analysis method [70], and other approaches to construct their tourism resource evaluation system and rarely involved new theories or qualitative research methods. In practice, ICH comes in many types. If they are not regulated, poor behaviors can breed easily, including random development, which can damage heritages. Therefore, in the future, to achieve tourism development under the protection of ICH in China, scientific and reasonable value evaluation systems and methods should be adopted.
- (2)
- Second, Chinese studies have been mostly conducted from the perspective of tourists and not of ICH communities [71]. The essence of the development of ICH tourism is to seek to use economic benefits to feed back the protection and sustainable development of ICH. Feelings of tourists can largely influence and determine the success of tourism development. Therefore, by mostly aiming toward tourists, previous studies fail to explore the relationship and impact of ICH protection and tourism development from the perspective of the community, which serves as the living space for the protection and inheritance of ICH [72] and the original soil on which the heritage lives. Leaving the local community also means destroying its authenticity to ultimately become a tourist commodity without a cultural core. Therefore, future research should pay more attention to the protection of ICH and tourism development from the perspective of ICH communities, which would be of great practical significance to comprehensively understand the dialectical relationship between them and promote the sustainable development of ICH.
- (3)
- Third, ICH tourism research has many practical types, but theoretical research needs to be deepened. Chinese scholars have accumulated relatively rich experience in the practical research on ICH tourism. From a certain region, a certain type of ICH to a specific ICH, the development mode is gradually improving. In terms of theoretical research, related theoretical concepts, including authenticity, interaction, and cultural space, have important guiding value for practical research, but the limitations and deficiencies of existing theories have become increasingly apparent. Therefore, on the premise of adapting to the changes in the macro environment and meeting the needs of real development, future research on ICH tourism in China should consciously integrate problem-oriented thinking, correctly view the development of ICH, strengthen the protection of cultural heritage, pay equal attention to theoretical deepening and practical analyses, constantly standardize their academic theoretical framework, and actively propose constructive development strategies.
6. Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Keywords | Frequency | Centrality | No. | Keywords | Frequency | Centrality |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Intangible cultural heritage | 272 | 0.76 | 10 | Rural vitalization | 8 | 0.02 |
2 | Tourism development | 73 | 0.35 | 11 | Sustainable development | 8 | 0.05 |
3 | Protection | 41 | 0.18 | 12 | Tourist resources | 8 | 0.01 |
4 | Development | 13 | 0.02 | 13 | Cultural tourism | 8 | 0.08 |
5 | Policy tools | 13 | 0.01 | 14 | Culture and tourism integration | 7 | 0.04 |
6 | Inheritance | 12 | 0.04 | 15 | Protection and inheritance | 6 | 0.03 |
7 | Protection of ich | 11 | 0.06 | 16 | Authenticity | 6 | 0.03 |
8 | Ethnic minority | 11 | 0.06 | 17 | Inheritance and protection | 6 | 0.03 |
9 | Protection and inheritance | 10 | 0.08 | 18 | Cultural space | 6 | 0.02 |
No. | Keywords | Frequency | Centrality | No. | Keywords | Frequency | Centrality |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Intangible cultural heritage | 128 | 0.16 | 10 | Place | 24 | 0.04 |
2 | Cultural heritage | 82 | 0.13 | 11 | Management | 22 | 0.04 |
3 | Tourism | 70 | 0.06 | 12 | Sustainable tourism | 20 | 0.01 |
4 | Cultural tourism | 60 | 0.09 | 13 | World heritage | 19 | 0.01 |
5 | Intangible heritage | 46 | 0.13 | 14 | Sustainable development | 16 | 0.07 |
6 | Authenticity | 44 | 0.11 | 15 | Identity | 15 | 0.03 |
7 | Heritage tourism | 33 | 0.09 | 16 | Conservation | 13 | 0.06 |
8 | Experience | 32 | 0.08 | 17 | Cultural landscape | 13 | 0.05 |
9 | Heritage | 27 | 0.05 | 18 | Rethinking authenticity | 11 | 0.06 |
Cluster | Size | Silhouette | Average Year | Year of First Use | Tag Words (Select the First Three) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
#0 tourism development 1 | 45 | 0.972 | 2011 | 2005 | Tourism development, tension, protection. |
#1 protection | 35 | 0.962 | 2011 | 2005 | Protection, development, tourism development. |
#2 culture and tourism integration | 19 | 0.971 | 2014 | 2020 | Culture and tourism integration, tourism, tourism industry. |
#3 cultural tourism | 17 | 0.873 | 2015 | 2008 | Cultural tourism, authenticity, living conservation. |
#5 heritage protection | 14 | 0.975 | 2013 | 2010 | Minority, architectural style, utilization. |
#6 minority | 14 | 0.972 | 2018 | 2005 | Inheritance and protection, rural revitalization, industrialization. |
#7 cultural space | 9 | 0.966 | 2011 | 2008 | Cultural space, practice path, cultural ecology. |
#12 traditional handicraft | 5 | 0.989 | 2015 | 2012 | Traditional handicraft, precise support, game. |
#14 management | 4 | 0.934 | 2010 | 2009 | Management, development, utilization. |
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Chen, J.; Guo, Z.; Xu, S.; Law, R.; Liao, C.; He, W.; Zhang, M. A Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism Using CiteSpace: The Perspective of China. Land 2022, 11, 2298. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11122298
Chen J, Guo Z, Xu S, Law R, Liao C, He W, Zhang M. A Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism Using CiteSpace: The Perspective of China. Land. 2022; 11(12):2298. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11122298
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Jie, Zhen Guo, Shaogui Xu, Rob Law, Chenmei Liao, Wenqin He, and Mu Zhang. 2022. "A Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism Using CiteSpace: The Perspective of China" Land 11, no. 12: 2298. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11122298
APA StyleChen, J., Guo, Z., Xu, S., Law, R., Liao, C., He, W., & Zhang, M. (2022). A Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism Using CiteSpace: The Perspective of China. Land, 11(12), 2298. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11122298