Modeling Streamflow Response to Persistent Drought in a Coastal Tropical Mountainous Watershed, Sierra Nevada De Santa Marta, Colombia
Natalia Hoyos 1,*
, Alexander Correa-Metrio 2,3, Steven M. Jepsen 4, Beverley Wemple 5, Santiago Valencia 3, Matthew Marsik 6, Rubén Doria 7, Jaime Escobar 3,7, Juan C. Restrepo 8 and Maria I. Velez 9
, Alexander Correa-Metrio 2,3, Steven M. Jepsen 4, Beverley Wemple 5, Santiago Valencia 3, Matthew Marsik 6, Rubén Doria 7, Jaime Escobar 3,7, Juan C. Restrepo 8 and Maria I. Velez 9
1
Department of History and Social Sciences, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
2
Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, Mexico
3
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City 32401, Panama
4
Global Water Center, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
5
Department of Geography, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
6
Integrated Data Repository, Clinical and Translational Science Institute and UF Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
7
Department of Civil Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
8
Department of Physics and Geosciences, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
9
Department of Geology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 4P5, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2019, 11(1), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11010094
Received: 26 November 2018 / Revised: 20 December 2018 / Accepted: 24 December 2018 / Published: 8 January 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Emerging Issues Surrounding Water in the Americas)
Abstract
Droughts constitute natural hazards that affect water supply for ecosystems and human livelihoods. In 2013–2016, the Caribbean experienced the worst drought since the 1950s, and climate projections for the southern Caribbean predict less rainfall by the end of the 21st century. We assessed streamflow response to drought for a watershed in the Colombian Caribbean by analyzing the effects of drought length and land cover on streamflow recovery. We generated a calibrated SWAT model and created annual and monthly drought scenarios from rainfall records. We used our model to predict water yield for selected land covers (wet forest, shade coffee, shrub, and dry forest) under drought conditions. Annual scenarios resulted in water yield reductions of ~15 mm month−1 (wet forest, coffee, and shrub) and 5 mm month−1 (dry forest) for the first month after a two-year drought. Maximum water yield reductions for monthly scenarios occurred after a 10-month drought and were ~100 mm month−1 (wet forest, coffee, and shrub) and 20 mm month−1 (dry forest). Streamflow recovered within nine months (annual scenarios), and two to eight months (monthly scenarios) after drought termination. Drought response seems to be conditioned by climatic factors (rainfall seasonality and spatial variability) and catchment properties. View Full-TextKeywords:
drought; seasonal tropics; SWAT; SWAT-T; modeling
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MDPI and ACS Style
Hoyos, N.; Correa-Metrio, A.; Jepsen, S.M.; Wemple, B.; Valencia, S.; Marsik, M.; Doria, R.; Escobar, J.; Restrepo, J.C.; Velez, M.I. Modeling Streamflow Response to Persistent Drought in a Coastal Tropical Mountainous Watershed, Sierra Nevada De Santa Marta, Colombia. Water 2019, 11, 94.
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