Interaction of Biochar with Chemical, Green and Biological Nitrogen Fertilizers on Nitrogen Use Efficiency Indices
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Procedure
2.2. Sampling and Measurements
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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pH | EC (ds cm−1) | CEC (cmolc kg−1) | Organic Carbon (%) | Available P (mg kg−1) | Available K (mg kg−1) | Total N (%) | C/N Ratio | SSA (m2 g−1) | Ash (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soil | 5.11 | 0.16 | 23.2 | 2.61 | 2.15 | 3.23 | 1.17 | - | - | - |
Azocompost | 6.23 | 0.32 | - | 11.8 | 25.6 | 184.1 | 5.25 | 1.24 | - | - |
Legume residues | 6.81 | 0.51 | - | 17.6 | 178.4 | 242.4 | 4.50 | 3.91 | - | - |
Biochar | 9.37 | 1.21 | 165.1 | 42.6 | 9.02 | 25.53 | 1.68 | 25.3 | 129 | 17.5 |
Nitrogen Index | Formula | Reference |
---|---|---|
Nitrogen use efficiency (g g−1) | [30] | |
Nitrogen uptake efficiency (g g−1) | [30] | |
Nitrogen utilization efficiency (g g−1) | [31] | |
Nitrogen physiological efficiency (g g−1) | [31] | |
Nitrogen agronomic efficiency (g g−1) | [30] | |
Nitrogen harvest index (%) | [32] | |
Nitrogen recovery efficiency (%) | [32] | |
Soil nitrogen dependent rate (%) | [31] |
Treatments | N Supply (g pot−1) | Yield (g pot−1) | N Yield (g pot−1) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fertilizer | Supply 1 | Grain | Shoot | Grain | Shoot | |
Control | - | 1.17 c | 15.63 e | 58.90 e | 0.16 e | 0.21 e |
U | 0.53 b | 1.70 b | 54.07 c | 120.4 c | 0.87 c | 1.07 c |
A | 0.51 b | 1.68 b | 52.23 c | 114.9 c | 0.78 c | 1.02 c |
L | 0.54 b | 1.71 b | 58.27 b | 114.7 c | 0.99 c | 1.27 c |
B | 0.41 b | 1.58 b | 35.83 d | 79.50 d | 0.47 d | 0.61 d |
UB | 0.94 a | 2.11 a | 68.37 a | 141.9 a | 1.37 ab | 1.57 a |
AB | 0.91 a | 2.08 a | 56.13 b | 119.1 c | 1.23 b | 1.45 b |
LB | 0.95 a | 2.12 a | 64.40 ab | 131.6 b | 1.55 a | 1.70 a |
Treatments | NUE | NUpE | NUtE | NPE | NAE | NHI | NRE | SNDR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(g g−1) | (%) | |||||||
Control | 13.65 d | 0.18 d | 76.00 a | - | - | 76.19 d | - | - |
U | 31.78 b | 0.63 b | 50.63 c | 44.41 b | 71.70 b | 81.31 c | 50.42 d | 19.67 b |
A | 31.15 b | 0.61 b | 51.33 c | 44.92 b | 71.53 b | 76.47 cd | 48.15 d | 20.65 b |
L | 34.01 a | 0.74 a | 45.88 d | 39.91 c | 77.83 a | 77.95 cd | 61.85 b | 16.54 c |
B | 22.74 c | 0.39 c | 58.46 b | 49.32 a | 48.93 c | 77.04 d | 25.56 e | 34.28 a |
UB | 32.44 ab | 0.75 a | 43.50 d | 38.49 c | 55.90 c | 87.26 b | 64.61 b | 13.37 d |
AB | 26.95 c | 0.70 a | 38.64 e | 32.32 d | 43.99 d | 84.82 b | 59.66 c | 14.46 d |
LB | 30.38 b | 0.80 a | 37.92 e | 32.54 d | 51.01 c | 91.17 a | 70.22 a | 12.37 d |
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Ghorbani, M.; Konvalina, P.; Neugschwandtner, R.W.; Kopecký, M.; Amirahmadi, E.; Bucur, D.; Walkiewicz, A. Interaction of Biochar with Chemical, Green and Biological Nitrogen Fertilizers on Nitrogen Use Efficiency Indices. Agronomy 2022, 12, 2106. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092106
Ghorbani M, Konvalina P, Neugschwandtner RW, Kopecký M, Amirahmadi E, Bucur D, Walkiewicz A. Interaction of Biochar with Chemical, Green and Biological Nitrogen Fertilizers on Nitrogen Use Efficiency Indices. Agronomy. 2022; 12(9):2106. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092106
Chicago/Turabian StyleGhorbani, Mohammad, Petr Konvalina, Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner, Marek Kopecký, Elnaz Amirahmadi, Daniel Bucur, and Anna Walkiewicz. 2022. "Interaction of Biochar with Chemical, Green and Biological Nitrogen Fertilizers on Nitrogen Use Efficiency Indices" Agronomy 12, no. 9: 2106. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092106