Protein-Based Biostimulants to Enhance Plant Growth—State-of-the-Art and Future Direction with Sugar Beet as an Example
Abstract
:1. Introduction to Biostimulants—Definition and Categories
2. Protein-Based Biostimulants
2.1. Production
2.2. Effects of PBBs on Soil and on Agronomic, Physiological, and Molecular Plant Parameters
SN | PBB | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|
1 | PH, plant source | Improves yield and quality of perennial wall rocket | Caruso et al. [21] https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/8/7/208 Accessed 23 July 2022 |
2 | PH, plant source | Enhances plant physiology and stimulates soil microbiome | Colla et al. [22] https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.02202 Accessed 23 July 2022 |
3 | PH, animal source (Pepton) | Improves salicylic acid and growth of tomato roots under abiotic stress | Casadesus et al. [23] https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/8/7/208 Accessed 23 July 2022 |
4 | PH, animal source | Improves growth and microelement concentration in hydroponically grown maize | Ertani et al. [31] https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201200020 Accessed 23 July 2022 |
5 | PH, plant source | Enhances growth and nitrogen metabolism of maize | Ertani et al. [33] https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200800174 Accessed 23 July 2022 |
6 | PH, plant source | Improves agronomic, physiological and yield parameters of baby rocket plant | Di-Mola et al. [37] https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8110522 Accessed 23 July 2022 |
7 | PH, plant source (Trainer) | Improves performance of maize and lettuce | Colla et al. [39] https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2013.1009.21 Accessed 23 July 2022 |
8 | PH, animal source (gelatin) | Improves plant performance | Wilson et al. [40] https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2018.01006 Accessed 23 July 2022 |
9 | PH, plant source | Enhances gene expression, enzymes and nitrogen metabolism in maize | Schiavon et al. [41] https://doi.org/10.1021/jf802362g Accessed 23 July 2022 |
10 | Calcium, PH | Improves salinity tolerance and leaf necrosis in Diospyros kaki L. | Visconti et al. [42] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.01.028 Accessed 23 July 2022 |
2.3. Social, Economic, and Environmental Aspects of PBBs
3. Hydrolyzed Wheat Gluten (HWG) and Potato Protein (PP) as Possible PBBs
3.1. Hydrolyzed Wheat Gluten (HWG)
3.2. Potato Protein (PP)
4. Biostimulating Effect of HWG and PP; Sugar Beet as an Example
5. Opportunities and Future Directions for Use of PBBs
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Conc. (g/kg) | Sugar Beet Plant Height (cm) | Total Fresh Weight (g/plant) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volga | Armesa | Mustang | Volga | Armesa | Mustang | ||
Control | 0 | 7.6d | 6.9c | 6.7c | 2.43d | 2.47c | 3.13e |
HWG | 1 | 15.5a | 13.3a | 15.2a | 7.00a | 6.77a | 10.25b |
2 | 15.2a | 13.2a | 13.2a | 6.11b | 7.30a | 11.96a | |
5 | 11.6b | 9.1b | 8.8b | 3.92c | 3.04b | 4.24d | |
10 | 8.2c | 7.0bc | 10.4b | 1.26e | 3.54b | 5.25c | |
Mean | 12.6a | 10.6b | 11.9a | 4.57c | 5.16b | 7.92a | |
PP | 1 | 13.8a | 14.4a | 14.4a | 6.03a | 8.51a | 9.15a |
2 | 14.8ab | 12.9b | 14.4a | 6.17a | 6.19b | 9.55a | |
5 | 10.5c | 8.4c | 11.1b | 3.17c | 4.12d | 5.12b | |
10 | 11.7bc | 9.7c | 10.6b | 4.11b | 4.69c | 4.41c | |
Mean | 12.7a | 11.4b | 12.6a | 4.87c | 5.88b | 7.06a |
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Jolayemi, O.L.; Malik, A.H.; Ekblad, T.; Fredlund, K.; Olsson, M.E.; Johansson, E. Protein-Based Biostimulants to Enhance Plant Growth—State-of-the-Art and Future Direction with Sugar Beet as an Example. Agronomy 2022, 12, 3211. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123211
Jolayemi OL, Malik AH, Ekblad T, Fredlund K, Olsson ME, Johansson E. Protein-Based Biostimulants to Enhance Plant Growth—State-of-the-Art and Future Direction with Sugar Beet as an Example. Agronomy. 2022; 12(12):3211. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123211
Chicago/Turabian StyleJolayemi, Okanlawon L., Ali H. Malik, Tobias Ekblad, Kenneth Fredlund, Marie E. Olsson, and Eva Johansson. 2022. "Protein-Based Biostimulants to Enhance Plant Growth—State-of-the-Art and Future Direction with Sugar Beet as an Example" Agronomy 12, no. 12: 3211. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123211