Effect of Arc Behaviour and Metal Transfer Process on Aluminium Welds during Ultrasonic Frequency Pulsed GMAW
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Procedure and Experiments
2.2. Image Processing Algorithms
2.2.1. Arc Shape Characters Extracting Algorithm
2.2.2. Porosity Defect Characters Extracting Algorithm
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Arc Force
3.2. Droplet Dynamics
3.3. Welds Porosity Defect
3.4. Microstructure and Microhardness Property
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The axial arc plasma jet force and arc force were increased.
- (2)
- The average droplet falling acceleration in peak-time duration was computed to contrast with the theoretical calculated value, and the result matched each other pretty well. UFP monitoring value possessed an increase by 13.58% for PP and 21.44% for AP, respectively.
- (3)
- The welds porosity quantities and sizes markedly were decreased.
- (4)
- UFP was capable of decelerating regional element segregations, improving the grain refinement, leading to the increased microhardness property of welded joint, and relieved joint softening phenomenon. The average microhardness of UFP fusion zone increased by 23.25% for PP, 22.49% for BP, and 24.58% for AP, respectively.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Test No. | Mode | Conventional Pulse | UFP | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base- Current/A | Peak- Current/A | Peak-Time /ms | Frequency /kHz | Amplitude /A | Duty Cycle /% | ||
1 | CP | 40 | 250 | 1.3 | / | / | / |
2 | PP | 40 | 240 | 10 | 50 | 20 | |
3 | 20 | ||||||
4 | 30 | ||||||
5 | 40 | ||||||
6 | BP | 30 | 250 | 10 | |||
7 | 20 | ||||||
8 | 30 | ||||||
9 | 40 | ||||||
10 | AP | 30 | 240 | 10 | |||
11 | 20 | ||||||
12 | 30 | ||||||
13 | 40 |
Chemical Composition | Cu | Mn | Ti | Mg | Zr | V | Fe | Si | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mass fraction/% | 5.8~6.8 | 0.2~0.4 | 0.02~0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1~0.25 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.3 | 0.2 | Bal. |
Element | Matrix | Particle | Boundary |
---|---|---|---|
Al | 96.25 | 48.69 | 78.92 |
Cu | 3.75 | 51.31 | 21.08 |
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Zheng, H.; Qi, B.; Yang, M.; Liu, H. Effect of Arc Behaviour and Metal Transfer Process on Aluminium Welds during Ultrasonic Frequency Pulsed GMAW. Crystals 2022, 12, 586. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050586
Zheng H, Qi B, Yang M, Liu H. Effect of Arc Behaviour and Metal Transfer Process on Aluminium Welds during Ultrasonic Frequency Pulsed GMAW. Crystals. 2022; 12(5):586. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050586
Chicago/Turabian StyleZheng, Hao, Bojin Qi, Mingxuan Yang, and Heng Liu. 2022. "Effect of Arc Behaviour and Metal Transfer Process on Aluminium Welds during Ultrasonic Frequency Pulsed GMAW" Crystals 12, no. 5: 586. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050586