Interaction between Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Urinary Sodium, Potassium, and Sodium-Potassium Ratio on the Risk of Hypertension in Korean Adults
1
Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
2
Nutrition and Diet Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-Si, Kynggi-Do 13539, Republic of Korea
3
Statistics and Data Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
4
Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2017, 9(3), 235; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9030235
Received: 5 November 2016 / Revised: 23 January 2017 / Accepted: 27 February 2017 / Published: 5 March 2017
Hypertension is a complex disease explained with diverse factors including environmental factors and genetic factors. The objectives of this study were to determine the interaction effects between gene variants and 24 h estimated urinary sodium and potassium excretion and sodium-potassium excretion ratios on the risk of hypertension. A total of 8839 participants were included in the genome-wide association study (GWAS) to find genetic factors associated with hypertension. Tanaka and Kawasaki formulas were applied to estimate 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretion. A total of 4414 participants were included in interaction analyses to identify the interaction effects of gene variants according to 24 h estimated urinary factors on the risk of hypertension. CSK rs1378942 and CSK-MIR4513 rs3784789 were significantly modified by urinary sodium-potassium excretion ratio. In addition, MKLN rs1643270 with urinary potassium excretion, LOC101929750 rs7554672 with urinary sodium and potassium excretion, and TENM4 rs10466739 with urinary sodium-potassium excretion ratio showed significant interaction effects. The present study results indicated that the mutant alleles of CSK rs1378942 and CSK-MIR4513 rs3784789 had the strongest protective effects against hypertension in the middle group of 24 h estimated urinary sodium-potassium excretion ratio. Further studies are needed to replicate these analyses in other populations.
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Keywords:
CSK; gene-diet interaction; hypertension; blood pressure; sodium; potassium; sodium-potassium ratio; nutrigenetics
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MDPI and ACS Style
Park, Y.M.; Kwock, C.K.; Kim, K.; Kim, J.; Yang, Y.J. Interaction between Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Urinary Sodium, Potassium, and Sodium-Potassium Ratio on the Risk of Hypertension in Korean Adults. Nutrients 2017, 9, 235.
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