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Nutrients
Volume 17
Issue 16
10.3390/nu17162656
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Review

Vegan and Plant-Based Diets in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review from Anti-Inflammatory and Antithrombotic Perspectives

by
Fatemeh Jafarnezhad
1,
Ata Nazarzadeh
1,
Haniyeh Bazavar
2,
Shayan Keramat
3,4,
Ireneusz Ryszkiel
5 and
Agata Stanek
3,5,*
1
Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
2
Department of Hematology, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Senman 4513956184, Iran
3
VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
4
Support Association of Patients of Burger’s Disease, Burger’s Disease NGO, Mashhad 9183785195, Iran
5
Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolic Diseases and Angiology, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2025, 17(16), 2656; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17162656
Submission received: 6 July 2025 / Revised: 31 July 2025 / Accepted: 13 August 2025 / Published: 15 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vegetarian Dietary Patterns in the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome)
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Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by a combination of metabolic abnormalities, such as central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, and significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The high prevalence of MetS is a public health concern, necessitating rapid identification and intervention strategies to prevent this emerging epidemic. Diagnosing MetS requires the presence of three or more of these abnormalities, underscoring the need for effective management approaches. Despite a growing body of literature, limited reviews have critically evaluated the complex interplay between metabolic dysfunction, inflammation, and coagulation, particularly in the context of dietary interventions. Therefore, this article reviews the relationship between metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and thrombotic diseases, with an emphasis on their impacts on hematological health. Furthermore, this review explores the potential role of vegetarian and vegan dietary patterns in controlling these processes and improving hematological outcomes. This narrative review aims to critically evaluate current research on the inflammatory and thrombotic implications of MetS and assess the potential modulating role of vegan and plant-based diets within this context.
Keywords: vegan diet; metabolic syndrome; thrombosis; inflammation; cardiovascular diseases; type 2 diabetes vegan diet; metabolic syndrome; thrombosis; inflammation; cardiovascular diseases; type 2 diabetes
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MDPI and ACS Style

Jafarnezhad, F.; Nazarzadeh, A.; Bazavar, H.; Keramat, S.; Ryszkiel, I.; Stanek, A. Vegan and Plant-Based Diets in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review from Anti-Inflammatory and Antithrombotic Perspectives. Nutrients 2025, 17, 2656. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17162656

AMA Style

Jafarnezhad F, Nazarzadeh A, Bazavar H, Keramat S, Ryszkiel I, Stanek A. Vegan and Plant-Based Diets in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review from Anti-Inflammatory and Antithrombotic Perspectives. Nutrients. 2025; 17(16):2656. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17162656

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jafarnezhad, Fatemeh, Ata Nazarzadeh, Haniyeh Bazavar, Shayan Keramat, Ireneusz Ryszkiel, and Agata Stanek. 2025. "Vegan and Plant-Based Diets in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review from Anti-Inflammatory and Antithrombotic Perspectives" Nutrients 17, no. 16: 2656. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17162656

APA Style

Jafarnezhad, F., Nazarzadeh, A., Bazavar, H., Keramat, S., Ryszkiel, I., & Stanek, A. (2025). Vegan and Plant-Based Diets in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review from Anti-Inflammatory and Antithrombotic Perspectives. Nutrients, 17(16), 2656. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17162656

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