Nutrient Profiles of Commercially Produced Complementary Foods Available in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Product Identification and Data Management
2.3. Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category 1: Dry, powdered, and instant cereal/starchy food |
Category 1.1 Dry or instant cereals/starches |
Category 2: Soft–wet spoonable, ready-to-eat foods |
Category 2.1 Dairy-based desserts and cereal products |
Category 2.2 Fruit purée with or without the addition of vegetables, cereals, or milk |
Category 2.3 Vegetable only purée |
Category 2.4 Puréed vegetables and cereals |
Category 2.5 Puréed meal with cheese (but not meat or fish) mentioned in the name |
Category 2.6 Puréed meal with meat or fish mentioned as the first food in the product name |
Category 2.7 Puréed meals with meat or fish (but not named first in the product name) |
Category 2.8 Purées with only meat, fish, or cheese in the name |
Category 3: Meals with chunky pieces |
Category 3.1 Meat, fish, or cheese-based meal with chunky pieces |
Category 3.2 Vegetable-based meal with chunky pieces |
Category 4: Dry finger foods and snacks |
Category 4.1 Confectionery, sweet spreads, and fruit chews |
Category 4.2 Fruit (fresh or dry whole fruit or pieces) |
Category 4.3 Other snacks and finger foods |
Category 5: Juices and other drinks |
Category 5.1 Single or mixed fruit juices, vegetable juices, or other non-formula drinks |
Category 5.2 Cow’s milk and milk alternatives with added sugar or sweetening agent |
Product Category | n | Met All Relevant Nutrient Requirements | No Added Sugar/Sweetener 2 | Low/No Added Fruit 3 | >15% Energy from Sugar 4 | Met Sodium Requirement 5 | Met Energy Density Requirement 6 | Met Protein Requirement 7 | Met Total Fat Requirement 8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dry, powdered, and instant cereal/starchy foods | |||||||||
1.1 Dry or instant cereals/starches | 275 | 11.3 (31) | 24.0 (66) | 81.5 (224) | NA | 73.8 (203) | NA | 89.1 (245) | 89.1 (245) |
Soft–wet spoonable, ready-to-eat foods (purees) | |||||||||
2.1 Dairy-based desserts and cereal products | 48 | 0.0 (0) | 8.3 (4) | 79.2 (38) | NA | 70.8 (34) | 91.7 (44) | 93.8 (45) | 100.0 (48) |
2.2 Fruit puree | 136 | 23.5 (32) | 73.5 (100) | NA | NA | 95.6 (130) | 36.8 (50) | NA | 97.8 (133) |
2.3 Vegetable-only puree | 36 | 22.2 (8) | 100.0 (36) | 100.0 (36) | NA | 66.7 (24) | NA | NA | 94.4 (34) |
2.4 Vegetable puree with cereals | 25 | 32.0 (8) | 100.0 (25) | 92.0 (23) | NA | 64.0 (16) | 56.0 (14) | NA | 100.0 (25) |
2.5 Pureed meal with cheese | 4 | 50.0 (2) | 100.0 (4) | 100.0 (4) | NA | 25.0 (10) | 75.0 (3) | 75.0 (3) | 100.0 (4) |
2.6 Pureed meal with meat/fish in product name | 6 | 16.7 (1) | 100.0 (6) | 100.0 (6) | NA | 33.3 (2) | 50.0 (3) | 83.3 (5) | 100.0 (6) |
2.7 Pureed meal with meat/fish not in product name | 34 | 38.2 (13) | 97.1 (33) | 94.1 (32) | NA | 64.7 (22) | 50.0 (17) | 97.1 (33) | 100.0 (34) |
Meals with chunky pieces | |||||||||
3.1 Chunky meal with meat/fish/cheese | 24 | 4.2 (1) | 100.0 (24) | 100.0 (24) | NA | 16.7 (4) | NA | 8.3 (2) | 100.0 (24) |
3.2 Chunky meal with vegetables | 25 | 24.0 (6) | 100.0 (25) | 100.0 (25) | NA | 24.0 (6) | NA | 60.0 (15) | 100.0 (25) |
Dry finger foods and snacks | |||||||||
4.3 Snacks and finger foods | 28 | 0.0 (0) | 3.6 (10) | NA | 10.7 (3) | 39.3 (11) | NA | NA | 60.7 (17) |
All products | 641 | 15.9 (102) | 50.6 (324) | 86.4 (412) | 10.7 (3) | 70.7 (453) | 51.8 (131) | 83.7 (348) | 92.8 (595) |
Product Category | Calcium Content Declared (n) | Calcium RNI for 6–12 m | Calcium RNI for 12–36 m | Iron Content Declared (n) | Iron RNI for 6–12 m | Iron RNI for 12–36 m | Zinc Content Declared (n) | Zinc RNI for 6–36 m |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Burkina Faso | ||||||||
1. Dry, powdered, and instant cereal/starchy food (n = 20) | 18 | 57% (40–75%) | 46% (32–60%) | 18 | 41% (29–54%) | 66% (47–86%) | 14 | 52% (40–61%) |
Cameroon | ||||||||
1. Dry, powdered, and instant cereal/starchy food (n = 46) | 35 | 56% (42–74%) | 45% (34–60%) | 38 | 41% (27–54%) | 65% (43–87%) | 26 | 58% (47–67%) |
2. Soft-wet spoonable, ready-to-eat foods (purees) (n = 6) | 2 | 33% (32–34%) | 26% (25–27%) | 1 | 20% (--) | 32% (--) | 0 | - |
Ghana | ||||||||
1. Dry, powdered, and instant cereal/starchy food (n = 54) | 26 | 33% (23–56%) | 27% (18–45%) | 35 | 41% (34–52%) | 66% (54–84%) | 28 | 44% (33–63%) |
2. Soft-wet spoonable, ready-to-eat foods (purees) (n = 69) | 8 | 20% (4–27%) | 16% (3–21%) | 5 | 19% (3–40%) | 30% (4–65%) | 2 | 44% (42–46%) |
4. Dry finger foods and snacks (n = 4) | 1 | 6% (--) | 5% (--) | 1 | 4% (--) | 7% (--) | 0 | - |
5. Juices and other drinks (n = 4) | 0 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 0 | - |
Nigeria | ||||||||
1. Dry, powdered, and instant cereal/starchy food (n = 75) 2 | 49 | 46% (24–63%) | 36% (19–50%) | 56 | 35% (32–55%) | 56% (52–88%) | 37 | 34% (27–37%) |
2. Soft-wet spoonable, ready-to-eat foods (purees) (n = 17) | 4 | 14% (5–20%) | 11% (4–16%) | 3 | 8% (5–9%) | 13% (9–15%) | 0 | - |
4. Dry finger foods and snacks (n = 14) | 5 | 12% (8–13%) | 9% (6–10%) | 5 | 15% (13–18%) | 24% (21–29%) | 1 | 11% |
5. Juices and other drinks (n = 2) | 1 | 0% (--) | 0% (--) | 1 | 0% (--) | 0% (--) | 1 | 0% (--) |
Senegal | ||||||||
1. Dry, powdered, and instant cereal/starchy food (n = 76) | 49 | 25% (18–55%) | 20% (14–44%) | 62 | 38% (32–47%) | 60% (52–76%) | 40 | 34% (32–50%) |
2. Soft-wet spoonable, ready-to-eat foods (purees) (n = 194) | 20 | 25% (16–25%) | 20% (13–20%) | 0 | - | - | 3 | 22% (20–22%) |
3. Meals with chunky pieces (n = 49) | 0 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 0 | - |
4. Dry finger foods and snacks (n = 10) | 2 | 8% (8–8%) | 6% (6–6%) | 2 | 7% (7–7%) | 11% (11–11%) | 0 | - |
5. Juices and other drinks (n = 19) | 0 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 0 | - |
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Khosravi, A.; Bassetti, E.; Yuen-Esco, K.; Sy, N.Y.; Kane, R.; Sweet, L.; Zehner, E.; Pries, A.M. Nutrient Profiles of Commercially Produced Complementary Foods Available in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal. Nutrients 2023, 15, 2279. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102279
Khosravi A, Bassetti E, Yuen-Esco K, Sy NY, Kane R, Sweet L, Zehner E, Pries AM. Nutrient Profiles of Commercially Produced Complementary Foods Available in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal. Nutrients. 2023; 15(10):2279. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102279
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhosravi, Asha, Eleonora Bassetti, Katelyn Yuen-Esco, Ndeye Yaga Sy, Rosenette Kane, Lara Sweet, Elizabeth Zehner, and Alissa M. Pries. 2023. "Nutrient Profiles of Commercially Produced Complementary Foods Available in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal" Nutrients 15, no. 10: 2279. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102279
APA StyleKhosravi, A., Bassetti, E., Yuen-Esco, K., Sy, N. Y., Kane, R., Sweet, L., Zehner, E., & Pries, A. M. (2023). Nutrient Profiles of Commercially Produced Complementary Foods Available in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal. Nutrients, 15(10), 2279. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102279