Markers of Intestinal Permeability Are Rapidly Improved by Alcohol Withdrawal in Patients with Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Clinical Measures
2.3. Markers of Intestinal Permeability
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Controls and ALD Patients
3.2. Markers of Intestinal Permeability in ALD Patients before and after Alcohol Withdrawal
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Controls | ALD Patients |
---|---|---|
Gender (m/f) | (10/7) | (26/11) |
Age (years) | 45.1 ± 2.3 | 49.0 ± 1.5 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.7 ± 0.7 | 27.2 ± 1.09 a |
High alcohol consumption (years) | n.a. | 29.7 ± 1.9 |
Alcohol (g/d) (m/f) | - | 206.6 ± 25.0/156.0 ± 24.3 |
Steatosis | - | |
Grade 1 | 0 | 7 |
Grade 2 | 0 | 19 |
Grade 3 | 0 | 8 |
unclassified | 0 | 3 |
AST (U/L) | ||
before | 21.1 ± 1.0 | 104.8 ± 14.7 a |
after | - | 62.17 ± 4.8 a,b |
ALT (U/L) | ||
before | 19.5 ± 0.8 | 78.0 ± 9.3 a |
after | - | 66.47 ± 7.3 a,b |
gGT (U/L) | ||
before | 17.5 ± 1.2 | 587.7 ± 132.7 a |
after | - | 414.9 ± 94.6 a,b |
Liver stiffness | ||
Before (kPa) | - | 17.42 ± 3.68 |
F0-F2 (n) | - | 24 |
F3-F4 (n) | - | 12 |
After (kPa) | - | 13.86 ± 2.92 b |
F0-F2 (n) | - | 22 |
F3-F4 (n) | - | 14 |
CAP (dB/m) | ||
before | - | 315.0 ± 7.7 |
after | - | 274.9 ± 10.6 b |
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Jung, F.; Burger, K.; Staltner, R.; Brandt, A.; Mueller, S.; Bergheim, I. Markers of Intestinal Permeability Are Rapidly Improved by Alcohol Withdrawal in Patients with Alcohol-Related Liver Disease. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1659. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051659
Jung F, Burger K, Staltner R, Brandt A, Mueller S, Bergheim I. Markers of Intestinal Permeability Are Rapidly Improved by Alcohol Withdrawal in Patients with Alcohol-Related Liver Disease. Nutrients. 2021; 13(5):1659. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051659
Chicago/Turabian StyleJung, Finn, Katharina Burger, Raphaela Staltner, Annette Brandt, Sebastian Mueller, and Ina Bergheim. 2021. "Markers of Intestinal Permeability Are Rapidly Improved by Alcohol Withdrawal in Patients with Alcohol-Related Liver Disease" Nutrients 13, no. 5: 1659. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051659