Effect of Monthly Vitamin D Supplementation on Preventing Exacerbations of Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Older Adults: Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Vitamin D (n = 402) | Placebo (n = 373) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 0.77 | ||
50–59 | 84 (20.9) | 75 (20.1) | |
60–69 | 169 (42.0) | 152 (40.8) | |
70–79 | 128 (31.8) | 120 (32.2) | |
80–84 | 21 (5.2) | 26 (7.0) | |
Sex–male | 227 (56.5) | 210 (56.3) | 0.96 |
Ethnicity | 0.25 | ||
Māori | 30 (7.5) | 38 (10.2) | |
Pacific Island | 15 (3.7) | 22 (5.9) | |
South Asian | 16 (4.0) | 13 (3.5) | |
European/Other | 341 (84.8) | 300 (80.4) | |
Education (highest level) a | 0.71 | ||
Primary school | 8 (2.0) | 5 (1.3) | |
Secondary school | 198 (49.3) | 179 (48.0) | |
Tertiary | 196 (48.8) | 189 (50.7) | |
In paid employment a | 0.45 | ||
Yes | 203 (50.5) | 174 (46.8) | |
No | |||
Retired | 172 (42.8) | 166 (44.6) | |
Other | 27 (6.7) | 32 (8.6) | |
Tobacco smoking | 0.95 | ||
Current | 50 (12.4) | 46 (12.3) | |
Ex | 250 (62.2) | 236 (63.3) | |
Never | 102 (25.4) | 91 (24.4) | |
Vigorous physical activity (hours per week) a | 0.09 | ||
None | 149 (38.6) | 163 (46.4) | |
1–2 | 102 (26.4) | 76 (21.7) | |
>2 | 135 (35.0) | 112 (31.9) | |
Take vitamin D supplements b | 25 (6.2) | 31 (8.3) | 0.26 |
Type of asthma/COPD | 0.07 | ||
Asthma only | 106 (26.4) | 108 (29.0) | |
COPD only | 200 (49.8) | 156 (41.8) | |
Combined asthma & COPD | 96 (23.9) | 109 (29.2) | |
Spirometry, mean (SD) | |||
FEV1 (L) | 2.18 (0.71) | 2.15 (0.70) | 0.53 |
FEV1, % predicted | 78 (19) | 79 (19) | 0.98 |
FVC (L) | 3.27 (0.98) | 3.21 (0.93) | 0.37 |
FVC, % predicted | 90 (17) | 91 (17) | 0.79 |
Ratio FEV1/FVC | 0.67 (0.09) | 0.67 (0.10) | 0.69 |
FEV1/FVC, % predicted | 86 (12) | 86 (11) | 0.70 |
PEF (L/min) | 353 (116) | 360 (118) | 0.43 |
Anthropometry, mean (SD) | |||
Height (cm) | 168.9 (9.3) | 168.6 (9.2) | 0.70 |
Weight (kg) | 80.3 (16.2) | 80.6 (17.3) | 0.81 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.1 (5.1) | 28.3 (5.6) | 0.57 |
Corrected serum calcium, mean (SD) (mmol/L) | 2.28 (0.07) | 2.27 (0.07) | 0.10 |
25-hydroxyvitamin D (nmol/L) | |||
Observed, mean (SD) | 64.5 (23.1) | 60.4 (24.2) | 0.02 |
Deseasonalized, mean (SD) | 66.7 (22.3) | 63.1 (22.9) | 0.03 |
Deseasonalized category | 0.03 | ||
<25.0 | 8 (2.0) | 10 (2.7) | |
25.0–49.9 | 82 (20.4) | 109 (29.2) | |
50.0–74.9 | 172 (42.8) | 134 (35.9) | |
≥75.0 | 140 (34.8) | 120 (32.2) |
Participants | Vitamin D | Placebo | Hazard Ratio (95%CI) a | p-Value (Wald X2) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of Participants | Number of Prescriptions /p-Y | Incidence Rate per p-Y | Number of Participants | Number of Prescriptions /p-Y | Incidence Rate per p-Y | |||
All | 402 | 536/1324 | 0.40 | 373 | 469/1218 | 0.39 | 1.08 (0.84, 1.39) | 0.55 |
Asthma-COPD category | ||||||||
Asthma only | 106 | 172/352 | 0.49 | 108 | 173/367 | 0.47 | 1.18 (0.80, 1.74) | 0.41 |
COPD only | 200 | 176/650 | 0.27 | 156 | 124/494 | 0.25 | 1.07 (0.69, 1.67) | 0.75 |
Combined asthma & COPD | 96 | 188/320 | 0.59 | 109 | 172/357 | 0.48 | 1.21 (0.78, 1.88) | 0.39 |
Age (years) | ||||||||
50–59 | 84 | 155/299 | 0.52 | 75 | 117/270 | 0.43 | 1.23 (0.73, 2.07) | 0.43 |
60–69 | 169 | 220/550 | 0.40 | 152 | 206/494 | 0.42 | 0.99 (0.68, 1.45) | 0.97 |
70–79 | 128 | 139/410 | 0.34 | 120 | 108/374 | 0.29 | 1.21 (0.73, 2.03) | 0.46 |
80–84 | 21 | 22/65 | 0.34 | 26 | 38/80 | 0.48 | 0.54 (0.19, 1.52) | 0.24 |
Sex | ||||||||
Male | 227 | 242/744 | 0.33 | 210 | 270/676 | 0.40 | 0.83 (0.58, 1.18) | 0.30 |
Female | 175 | 294/580 | 0.51 | 163 | 199/542 | 0.37 | 1.46 (1.03, 2.06) | 0.03 |
Ethnicity | ||||||||
Māori | 30 | 41/100 | 0.41 | 38 | 72/127 | 0.57 | 0.68 (0.33, 1.42) | 0.31 |
Pacific Island | 15 | 48/53 | 0.91 | 22 | 49/73 | 0.67 | 1.37 (0.56, 3.31) | 0.49 |
South Asian | 16 | 33/51 | 0.65 | 13 | 20/43 | 0.47 | 1.73 (0.51, 5.92) | 0.38 |
European/Other | 341 | 414/1120 | 0.37 | 300 | 328/976 | 0.34 | 1.10 (0.82, 1.46) | 0.54 |
25OHD category (nmol/L) b | ||||||||
<25.0 | 8 | 2/27 | 0.07 | 10 | 23/33 | 0.70 | 0.11 (0.02, 0.51) | 0.005 |
25.0–49.9 | 82 | 152/265 | 0.57 | 109 | 150/360 | 0.42 | 1.45 (0.92, 2.30) | 0.11 |
50.0–74.9 | 172 | 232/569 | 0.41 | 134 | 168/437 | 0.38 | 1.09 (0.76, 1.58) | 0.64 |
≥75.0 | 140 | 150/463 | 0.32 | 120 | 128/389 | 0.33 | 1.03 (0.62, 1.70) | 0.92 |
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Camargo, C.A., Jr.; Toop, L.; Sluyter, J.; Lawes, C.M.M.; Waayer, D.; Khaw, K.-T.; Martineau, A.R.; Scragg, R. Effect of Monthly Vitamin D Supplementation on Preventing Exacerbations of Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Older Adults: Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021, 13, 521. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020521
Camargo CA Jr., Toop L, Sluyter J, Lawes CMM, Waayer D, Khaw K-T, Martineau AR, Scragg R. Effect of Monthly Vitamin D Supplementation on Preventing Exacerbations of Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Older Adults: Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2021; 13(2):521. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020521
Chicago/Turabian StyleCamargo, Carlos A., Jr., Les Toop, John Sluyter, Carlene M. M. Lawes, Debbie Waayer, Kay-Tee Khaw, Adrian R. Martineau, and Robert Scragg. 2021. "Effect of Monthly Vitamin D Supplementation on Preventing Exacerbations of Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Older Adults: Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial" Nutrients 13, no. 2: 521. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020521
APA StyleCamargo, C. A., Jr., Toop, L., Sluyter, J., Lawes, C. M. M., Waayer, D., Khaw, K.-T., Martineau, A. R., & Scragg, R. (2021). Effect of Monthly Vitamin D Supplementation on Preventing Exacerbations of Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Older Adults: Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 13(2), 521. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020521