Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey
by
Achraf Ammar 1,2,*,†
, Michael Brach 3,†, Khaled Trabelsi 4,5,†, Hamdi Chtourou 4,6, Omar Boukhris 4,6, Liwa Masmoudi 4, Bassem Bouaziz 7, Ellen Bentlage 3, 
Daniella How 3, Mona Ahmed 3, Patrick Müller 8,9, Notger Müller 8,9, Asma Aloui 6,10, Omar Hammouda 2, 
Laisa Liane Paineiras-Domingos 11,12, Annemarie Braakman-Jansen 13, Christian Wrede 13, Sofia Bastoni 13,14, Carlos Soares Pernambuco 15, 
Leonardo Mataruna 16, Morteza Taheri 17, Khadijeh Irandoust 17, Aïmen Khacharem 18, Nicola L. Bragazzi 19,20, Karim Chamari 21,22, Jordan M. Glenn 23, Nicholas T. Bott 24, Faiez Gargouri 7, Lotfi Chaari 25, Hadj Batatia 25, Gamal Mohamed Ali 26, Osama Abdelkarim 26,27, Mohamed Jarraya 4, Kais El Abed 4, Nizar Souissi 6, Lisette Van Gemert-Pijnen 13, Bryan L. Riemann 28, Laurel Riemann 29, Wassim Moalla 4, Jonathan Gómez-Raja 30, Monique Epstein 31, Robbert Sanderman 32, Sebastian V. W. Schulz 33, Achim Jerg 33, Ramzi Al-Horani 34, Taiysir Mansi 35, Mohamed Jmail 36, Fernando Barbosa 37, Fernando Ferreira-Santos 37, Boštjan Šimunič 38, Rado Pišot 38, Andrea Gaggioli 14,39, Stephen J. Bailey 40, Jürgen M. Steinacker 33, Tarak Driss 41, Anita Hoekelmann 1 and On Behalf of the ECLB-COVID19 Consortium 1,19
Achraf Ammar 1,2,*,†, Michael Brach 3,†, Khaled Trabelsi 4,5,†, Hamdi Chtourou 4,6, Omar Boukhris 4,6, Liwa Masmoudi 4, Bassem Bouaziz 7, Ellen Bentlage 3, Daniella How 3, Mona Ahmed 3, Patrick Müller 8,9, Notger Müller 8,9, Asma Aloui 6,10, Omar Hammouda 2, Laisa Liane Paineiras-Domingos 11,12, Annemarie Braakman-Jansen 13, Christian Wrede 13, Sofia Bastoni 13,14, Carlos Soares Pernambuco 15, Leonardo Mataruna 16, Morteza Taheri 17, Khadijeh Irandoust 17, Aïmen Khacharem 18, Nicola L. Bragazzi 19,20, Karim Chamari 21,22, Jordan M. Glenn 23, Nicholas T. Bott 24, Faiez Gargouri 7, Lotfi Chaari 25, Hadj Batatia 25, Gamal Mohamed Ali 26, Osama Abdelkarim 26,27, Mohamed Jarraya 4, Kais El Abed 4, Nizar Souissi 6, Lisette Van Gemert-Pijnen 13, Bryan L. Riemann 28, Laurel Riemann 29, Wassim Moalla 4, Jonathan Gómez-Raja 30, Monique Epstein 31, Robbert Sanderman 32, Sebastian V. W. Schulz 33, Achim Jerg 33, Ramzi Al-Horani 34, Taiysir Mansi 35, Mohamed Jmail 36, Fernando Barbosa 37, Fernando Ferreira-Santos 37, Boštjan Šimunič 38, Rado Pišot 38, Andrea Gaggioli 14,39, Stephen J. Bailey 40, Jürgen M. Steinacker 33, Tarak Driss 41, Anita Hoekelmann 1 and On Behalf of the ECLB-COVID19 Consortium 1,19
1
Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
2
Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR12ES17, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
3
Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
4
High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
5
Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
6
Research Unit: Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
7
Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
8
Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
9
Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
10
High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Gafsa, 2112 Gafsa, Tunisia
11
Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas, LAVIMPI-UERJ, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20950-003, Brazil
12
Faculdade Bezerra de Araújo, Rio de Janeiro, Rj 23052-180, Brazil
13
Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, 7522 Enschede, The Netherland
14
Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milano, Italy
15
Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 20261-063, Brasil
16
College of Business Administration, American University in the Emirates, 503000 Dubai Academic City, Dubai, UAE
17
Faculty of social science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran
18
UVHC, DeVisu, Valenciennes; LIRTES-EA 7313, Université Paris Est Créteil Val de Marne, 94000 Créteil, France
19
Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
20
Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
21
ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha 29222, Qatar
22
Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, (CNMSS); ISSEP Ksar-Said, Manouba University, 2010 Manouba, Tunisia
23
Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
24
Clinical Excellence Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
25
Computer science department, University of Toulouse, IRIT-INP-ENSEEIHT (UMR 5505), BP 7122, 31500 Toulouse, France
26
Faculty of Physical Education, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
27
Institute for Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruher, Germany
28
Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
29
PharmD, BCBS; PharmIAD, Inc, Savannah, GA 30458, USA
30
FundeSalud, Dept. of Health and Social Services, Government of Extremadura, 06800 Merida, Spain
31
The E-Senior Association, 75020 Paris, France
32
Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands
33
Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany
34
Department of Exercise Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
35
Faculty of Physical Education, The University of Jordan, 11942 Amman, Jordan
36
Digital Research Centre of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
37
Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
38
Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
39
Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy
40
School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough E11 3TU, UK
41
Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2-2APS), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Equally contributed as first authors.
Nutrients 2020, 12(6), 1583; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061583
Received: 30 April 2020 / Revised: 22 May 2020 / Accepted: 25 May 2020 / Published: 28 May 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eating Behaviors and Human Health)
Background: Public health recommendations and governmental measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in numerous restrictions on daily living including social distancing, isolation and home confinement. While these measures are imperative to abate the spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on health behaviours and lifestyles at home is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey was launched in April 2020, in seven languages, to elucidate the behavioural and lifestyle consequences of COVID-19 restrictions. This report presents the results from the first thousand responders on physical activity (PA) and nutrition behaviours. Methods: Following a structured review of the literature, the “Effects of home Confinement on multiple Lifestyle Behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak (ECLB-COVID19)” Electronic survey was designed by a steering group of multidisciplinary scientists and academics. The survey was uploaded and shared on the Google online survey platform. Thirty-five research organisations from Europe, North-Africa, Western Asia and the Americas promoted the survey in English, German, French, Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese and Slovenian languages. Questions were presented in a differential format, with questions related to responses “before” and “during” confinement conditions. Results: 1047 replies (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other (3%) were included in the analysis. The COVID-19 home confinement had a negative effect on all PA intensity levels (vigorous, moderate, walking and overall). Additionally, daily sitting time increased from 5 to 8 h per day. Food consumption and meal patterns (the type of food, eating out of control, snacks between meals, number of main meals) were more unhealthy during confinement, with only alcohol binge drinking decreasing significantly. Conclusion: While isolation is a necessary measure to protect public health, results indicate that it alters physical activity and eating behaviours in a health compromising direction. A more detailed analysis of survey data will allow for a segregation of these responses in different age groups, countries and other subgroups, which will help develop interventions to mitigate the negative lifestyle behaviours that have manifested during the COVID-19 confinement.
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Keywords:
pandemic; public health; physical activity; nutrition; COVID-19
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MDPI and ACS Style
Ammar, A.; Brach, M.; Trabelsi, K.; Chtourou, H.; Boukhris, O.; Masmoudi, L.; Bouaziz, B.; Bentlage, E.; How, D.; Ahmed, M.; Müller, P.; Müller, N.; Aloui, A.; Hammouda, O.; Paineiras-Domingos, L.L.; Braakman-Jansen, A.; Wrede, C.; Bastoni, S.; Pernambuco, C.S.; Mataruna, L.; Taheri, M.; Irandoust, K.; Khacharem, A.; Bragazzi, N.L.; Chamari, K.; Glenn, J.M.; Bott, N.T.; Gargouri, F.; Chaari, L.; Batatia, H.; Ali, G.M.; Abdelkarim, O.; Jarraya, M.; El Abed, K.; Souissi, N.; Van Gemert-Pijnen, L.; Riemann, B.L.; Riemann, L.; Moalla, W.; Gómez-Raja, J.; Epstein, M.; Sanderman, R.; Schulz, S.V.W.; Jerg, A.; Al-Horani, R.; Mansi, T.; Jmail, M.; Barbosa, F.; Ferreira-Santos, F.; Šimunič, B.; Pišot, R.; Gaggioli, A.; Bailey, S.J.; Steinacker, J.M.; Driss, T.; Hoekelmann, A.; On Behalf of the ECLB-COVID19 Consortium. Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1583.
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