A Multi-Sensor Approach for Volcanic Ash Cloud Retrieval and Eruption Characterization: The 23 November 2013 Etna Lava Fountain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Etna 23 November 2013 Eruption
3. Satellite and Ground-Based Systems and Volcanic Ash Retrieval
Time (UTC) | SEVIRI | MODIS | IASI | DPX4 | Camera VIS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
09:40–10:30 | X | X | X | ||
10:45–11:00 | X | X | |||
11:15–12:30 | X | ||||
12:45 | X | X | |||
13:00–14:30 | X | ||||
21:00 | X |
Retrieved Ash Parameters | Symbol | Unit of Measure | SEVIRI (TIR) | MODIS (TIR) | IASI (TIR) | DPX4 (MW) | Camera (VIS) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mass Loading | Ma | t/km2 | X | X | X | X | |
Aerosol Optical Depth @ 550 nm | AOD | X | X | X | |||
Effective Radius | Re | μm | X | X | X | X | |
Concentration | Ca | t/km3 | X | ||||
Cloud Altitude | hct | km | X | X | X | X | X |
Cloud Thickness * | Δhct | km | X | X |
3.1. Geostationary and Polar Orbiting Satellite Sensors
3.2. X-Band Radar
4. Satellite and Ground-Based Volcanic Ash Retrieval Results
4.1. Satellite Ash Retrievals
4.2. DPX4 Ash Retrievals
5. The Multi-Sensor Approach
5.1. Volcanic Cloud Altitude
SEVIRI Nominal Time (UTC) (Effective Time in Etna Area (UTC) | DPX4 Time Intervals (UTC) | hct ± Δhct (km) |
---|---|---|
09:50 (09:52:30) | 09:50–09:55 | 11.6 ± 0.4 |
10:00 (10:02:30) | 10:00–10:05 | 12.6 ± 0.4 |
10:10 (10:12:30) | 10:10–10:15 | 12.6 ± 0.4 |
10:20 (10:22:30) | 10:20–10:25 | 11.6 ± 0.4 |
10:30 (10:32:30) | 10:30–10:35 | 6.3 ± 0.4 |
SEVIRI | MODIS | |
12:45 (12:47:30) | 12:45 (12:47:00) | 6.3 ± 0.8 |
5.2. Total Ash Mass Emitted and Ash Concentration in the Atmosphere
5.3. Particle Number Density
6. Products Validation
6.1. Volcanic Cloud Altitude
6.2. Volcanic Cloud Thickness
6.3. Volcanic Ash Total Mass and Coarse/Fine Ratio
7. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Corradini, S.; Montopoli, M.; Guerrieri, L.; Ricci, M.; Scollo, S.; Merucci, L.; Marzano, F.S.; Pugnaghi, S.; Prestifilippo, M.; Ventress, L.J.; et al. A Multi-Sensor Approach for Volcanic Ash Cloud Retrieval and Eruption Characterization: The 23 November 2013 Etna Lava Fountain. Remote Sens. 2016, 8, 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8010058
Corradini S, Montopoli M, Guerrieri L, Ricci M, Scollo S, Merucci L, Marzano FS, Pugnaghi S, Prestifilippo M, Ventress LJ, et al. A Multi-Sensor Approach for Volcanic Ash Cloud Retrieval and Eruption Characterization: The 23 November 2013 Etna Lava Fountain. Remote Sensing. 2016; 8(1):58. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8010058
Chicago/Turabian StyleCorradini, Stefano, Mario Montopoli, Lorenzo Guerrieri, Matteo Ricci, Simona Scollo, Luca Merucci, Frank S. Marzano, Sergio Pugnaghi, Michele Prestifilippo, Lucy J. Ventress, and et al. 2016. "A Multi-Sensor Approach for Volcanic Ash Cloud Retrieval and Eruption Characterization: The 23 November 2013 Etna Lava Fountain" Remote Sensing 8, no. 1: 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8010058