Effect of Lithium Slag Application on Saline–Alkali Soil Amelioration and Vegetable Growth
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characteristics of Lithium Slag
3.2. Lithium Slag Affects the Salinization Status of Saline–Alkali Soil
3.2.1. Lithium Slag Reduces pH of Saline–Alkali Soil
3.2.2. Lithium Slag Increases Salinity of Saline–Alkali Soil
3.3. Lithium Slag Promotes Vegetable Growth in Saline–Alkali Soil
3.3.1. Germination of Roquette and Radish Affected by Lithium Slag
3.3.2. Survival Rate of Roquette and Radish Affected by Lithium Slag
3.3.3. Plant Height and Leaf Number of Roquette and Radish Affected by Lithium Slag
3.3.4. Biomass of Roquette and Radish Affected by Lithium Slag
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soil Samples | pH | EC (mS/cm) | Organic Matter (g/kg) | TSS (g/kg) | TN (g/kg) | TP (g/kg) | TK (g/kg) | AN (mg/kg) | AP (mg/kg) | AK (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK0 | 6.8 | 0.19 | 15.14 | 3.32 | 1.03 | 0.45 | 12.76 | 60.2 | 15.8 | 88.7 |
CK1 | 9.9 | 0.38 | 15.06 | 6.22 | 1.01 | 0.41 | 12.73 | 60.2 | 15.7 | 88.3 |
Chemical Composition (%, wt) | SiO2 | SO3 | Al2O3 | CaO | Fe2O3 | Na2O |
39.32 | 34.96 | 18.85 | 3.50 | 0.86 | 0.41 |
pH | EC (mS/cm) | Exchangeable Na+ (g/kg) | Exchangeable Ca2+ (g/kg) | TSS (g/kg) | SBET (m2/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3.90 | 9.89 | 2.147 | 14.93 | 45.95 | 3.50 |
Cultivar | Treatment | Seeding Date | Germination Date | Germination Rate (%) | pH | EC (mS/cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Roquette | CK0 | 7th Feb | 9th Feb | 100 a | 6.8 | 0.19 |
CK1 | 7th Feb | 14th Feb | 42.9 ± 10.9 c | 9.9 | 0.38 | |
LS0.5 | 7th Feb | 10th Feb | 93.3 ± 6.7 a | 8.8 | 0.69 | |
LS1.0 | 7th Feb | 10th Feb | 90.5 ± 8.3 a | 8.4 | 1.01 | |
LS2.0 | 7th Feb | 11th Feb | 90.5 ± 4.1 a | 7.8 | 1.46 | |
LS5.0 | 7th Feb | 12th Feb | 78.4 ± 8.9 b | 7.1 | 2.54 | |
LS8.0 | 7th Feb | 12th Feb | 9.5 ± 4.9 d | 6.5 | 3.38 | |
LS10.0 | 7th Feb | – | – | 6.4 | 3.72 | |
Radish | CK0 | 17th Feb | 20th Feb | 93.3 ± 5.8 a | 6.8 | 0.19 |
CK1 | 17th Feb | 23rd Feb | 53.33 ± 1.27 b | 9.8 | 0.38 | |
LS0.5 | 17th Feb | 21st Feb | 93.33 ± 5.77 a | 8.8 | 0.69 | |
LS1.0 | 17th Feb | 21st Feb | 91.23 ± 8.79 a | 8.4 | 1.01 | |
LS2.0 | 17th Feb | 22nd Feb | 86.67 ± 5.77 a | 7.8 | 1.46 | |
LS5.0 | 17th Feb | 22nd Feb | 83.33 ± 10.82 a | 7.1 | 2.54 |
Soil Properties | Roquette | Radish | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Growth Index | pH | EC (mS/cm) | TSS (g/kg) | pH | EC (mS/cm) | TSS (g/kg) | |
Germination (%) | 0.372 | −0.773 * | −0.817 * | −0.559 | 0.139 | -0.005 | |
Survival (%) | 0.478 | −0.911 ** | −0.870 ** | −0.120 | −0.731 | −0.788 | |
Plant height (cm) | 0.373 | −0.899 ** | −0.881 ** | −0.176 | −0.653 | −0.732 | |
Leaf numbers | 0.551 | −0.928 ** | −0.877 ** | 0.150 | −0.879 * | −0.884 * | |
Fresh weight (g/plant) | 0.152 | −0.813 * | −0.837 ** | −0.129 | −0.655 | −0.712 | |
Dry weight (g/plant) | 0.167 | −0.825 * | −0.844 ** | −0.200 | −0.516 | −0.572 |
Cultivar | Treatment | Fresh Weight (g/plant) | Dry Weight (g/plant) |
---|---|---|---|
Roquette | CK0 | 0.382 ± 0.074 a | 0.018 ± 0.004 a |
CK1 | 0.138 ± 0.026 b | 0.006 ± 0.001 b | |
LS0.5 | 0.143 ± 0.023 b | 0.008 ± 0.001 b | |
LS1.0 | 0.139 ± 0.022 b | 0.007 ± 0.001 b | |
LS2.0 | 0.089 ± 0.016 b | 0.004 ± 0.001 b | |
LS5.0 and LS10.0 | – | – | |
Radish | CK0 | 0.650 ± 0.021 a | 0.031 ± 0.005 a |
CK1 | 0.291 ± 0.058 b | 0.017 ± 0.004 c | |
LS0.5 | 0.553 ± 0.041 a | 0.030 ± 0.002 a | |
LS1.0 | 0.546 ± 0.069 a | 0.029 ± 0.006 a | |
LS2.0 | 0.283 ± 0.061 b | 0.022 ± 0.002 a | |
LS5.0 | 0.232 ± 0.002 c | 0.018 ± 0.001 b |
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Zhang, Y.; Yao, M.; Zhai, Y.; Li, G.K. Effect of Lithium Slag Application on Saline–Alkali Soil Amelioration and Vegetable Growth. Sustainability 2024, 16, 3428. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16083428
Zhang Y, Yao M, Zhai Y, Li GK. Effect of Lithium Slag Application on Saline–Alkali Soil Amelioration and Vegetable Growth. Sustainability. 2024; 16(8):3428. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16083428
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Yun, Min Yao, Yiting Zhai, and Gang Kevin Li. 2024. "Effect of Lithium Slag Application on Saline–Alkali Soil Amelioration and Vegetable Growth" Sustainability 16, no. 8: 3428. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16083428