Techno-Economic Analysis of Hybrid Diesel Generators and Renewable Energy for a Remote Island in the Indian Ocean Using HOMER Pro
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
- (a)
- Location specification.
- (b)
- The modelling data require:
- (i)
- Average electric load demand;
- (ii)
- Daily radiation and clearness index at the location;
- (iii)
- The daily temperature at the location.
- (c)
- System architecture.
2.1. Location Specification
2.2. Modelling Data
2.2.1. Average Electric Load Demand
2.2.2. Radiation, Clearness Index, Temperature, and Wind Speed
2.3. Proposed System Architecture
2.3.1. Photovoltaic
2.3.2. Wind Turbine
2.3.3. Battery
2.3.4. Convertor
2.4. Economic Analysis
2.4.1. Interest Rate
2.4.2. Levelised Cost of Energy
2.4.3. Net Present Cost (NPC)
2.4.4. Salvage Value
2.4.5. Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
2.4.6. Return on Investment (ROI)
2.4.7. Simple Payback
2.4.8. Total Annualised Cost
3. Result and Discussions
3.1. Optimisation Results
3.2. Electricity Generation
3.3. Economic Evaluation Results
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Component | Name | Capital Cost (USD) | Replacement | O&M Cost (USD) | Lifetime | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Generator #1 | Gen 110 kW | 0 | 11,300 | 0.025/op hour | 20,000 h | [29] |
Generator #2 | Gen 60 kW | 0 | 7600 | 0.020/op hour | 20,000 h | [30] |
PV | Flat plate PV | 1073/kW | 1073/kW | 10/year | 25 years | [31] |
Storage | 1 kWh Lead Acid | 300/kW | 300/kW | 25/year | 10 years | [25] |
Wind turbine | XANTM21 [100 kW] | 210,000 | 210,000 | 3500/year | 25 years | [32] |
Converter | System Converter | 300/kW | 300/kW | 0 | 15 years | [25] |
Capacity (kW) | Capital (USD) | Replacement (USD) | O&M (USD/year) |
---|---|---|---|
5 | 5365 | 5365 | 100 |
10 | 9979 | 9979 | 180 |
1000 | 708,180 | 708,180 | 1500 |
2000 | 1,158,840 | 1,158,840 | 3000 |
Capacity (kWh) | Capital (USD) | Replacement (USD) | O&M (USD/year) |
---|---|---|---|
5 | 1500 | 1500 | 0 |
10 | 3000 | 3000 | 0 |
200 | 47,400 | 47,400 | 1800 |
2000 | 366,000 | 366,000 | 16,000 |
8000 | 1,368,000 | 1,368,000 | 64,000 |
16,000 | 2,592,000 | 2,592,000 | 112,000 |
Description | Value | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
Currency | USD 1 | Rp 14,000 | [35] |
Diesel Price | USD 0.9/L | Rp 12,500 | [36] |
Nominal discount rate | 6.6 | % | [37] |
Expected inflation rate | 2.0 | % | [38] |
Project lifetime | 25 | year | [39] |
Rank | PV (kW) | M-21 | Gen110 (kW) | Gen60 (kW) | 1 MkWh LA | Converter (kW) | NPC (USD) | CoE (USD) | Ren Frac (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 274 | 110 | 60 | 76 | 64.6 | 1,393,022 | 0.246 | 29.2 | |
2 | 261 | 110 | 60 | 59.2 | 1,477,688 | 0.261 | 20.6 | ||
3 | 257 | 1 | 110 | 60 | 84 | 61.5 | 1,550,089 | 0.274 | 36.5 |
4 | 110 | 60 | 1,654,675 | 0.292 | 0.0 | ||||
5 | 110 | 60 | 2 | 1.3 | 1,656,018 | 0.293 | 0.0 | ||
6 | 254 | 1 | 110 | 60 | 57.4 | 1,674,896 | 0.296 | 24.8 | |
7 | 1 | 110 | 60 | 1,813,790 | 0.320 | 2.40 | |||
8 | 2 | 110 | 60 | 64 | 16.5 | 1,943,753 | 0.343 | 13.0 |
Component | Name | Size |
---|---|---|
Generator #1 | Diesel Genset | 110 kW |
Generator #2 | Diesel Genset | 60 kW |
PV | Generic flat-plate PV | 274 kW |
Converter | System Converter | 65 kW |
Storage | Generic 1 kWh Lead Acid | 76 kWh |
Descriptions | Value |
---|---|
Internal Rate of Return | 14% |
Return on Investment | 10% |
Simple payback | 6.7 year |
Discounted payback | 8.4 year |
Capital Investment | USD 233,619 |
Annualised Savings | 33,434 USD/year |
Net Present Value | USD 261,653 |
Description | Base System | Optimised System |
---|---|---|
Net Present Cost | USD 1.65 M | USD 1.39 M |
CAPEX | USD 0.00 | USD 233,619 |
OPEX | USD 111,702 | USD 78,268 |
LCoE | 0.292 USD/kWh | 0.246 USD/kWh |
CO2 Emitted | 294,550 kg/year | 196,140 kg/year |
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Riayatsyah, T.M.I.; Geumpana, T.A.; Fattah, I.M.R.; Mahlia, T.M.I. Techno-Economic Analysis of Hybrid Diesel Generators and Renewable Energy for a Remote Island in the Indian Ocean Using HOMER Pro. Sustainability 2022, 14, 9846. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14169846
Riayatsyah TMI, Geumpana TA, Fattah IMR, Mahlia TMI. Techno-Economic Analysis of Hybrid Diesel Generators and Renewable Energy for a Remote Island in the Indian Ocean Using HOMER Pro. Sustainability. 2022; 14(16):9846. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14169846
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiayatsyah, T. M. I., T. A. Geumpana, I. M. Rizwanul Fattah, and T. M. Indra Mahlia. 2022. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Hybrid Diesel Generators and Renewable Energy for a Remote Island in the Indian Ocean Using HOMER Pro" Sustainability 14, no. 16: 9846. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14169846