Eco-Hammam: The Complexity of Accelerating the Ecological Transition of a Key Social Heritage Sector in Morocco
Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
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Academic Editor: Chiara Delmastro
Sustainability 2021, 13(17), 9935; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179935
Received: 16 August 2021
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Revised: 27 August 2021
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Accepted: 1 September 2021
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Published: 4 September 2021
(This article belongs to the Collection Adaptive Cities: Urban Planning and Design Contribution for Achieving Climate Resilient Cities)
Hammams are key providers of affordable hygiene and wellbeing services for the less wealthy in the Maghreb region. However, the UN climate change conference COP22, held in Marrakech in 2016, highlighted hammams are major contributors to air pollution, deforestation, loss of ecosystems, water overconsumption and wastage in Morocco. This paper analyses the complexity of advancing their energy transition from the viewpoint of key stakeholders engaged in two half-day virtual forums focusing on the water–energy nexus; organised as part of the AHRC funded project “Eco-Hammam: engaging key stakeholders with bespoke low-carbon technologies for lighting, heating, and water recycling to sustain a Moroccan heritage”. Results reveal that the Moroccan hammam sector could benefit greatly from stakeholders’ networking and collaboration to accelerate the uptake of low-carbon technologies and ecological practices. Key stakeholders’ priorities and barriers (economic, policy-induced or governance related) are presented and show that the lack of coordination between governmental and non-governmental organisations is perceived as contributing to the slow pace of the hammam energy transition. Although managers seem fully aware of available energy transition technologies for their furnaces, energy and water are treated independently and disconnected in their governance. Finally, Marrakech is identified as a potential hammam sustainability hub.
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Keywords:
energy transition; climate design; sustainable urban development; stakeholders’ engagement; Moroccan hammams; living heritage; urban renewal; governance
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
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Externally hosted supplementary file 1
Link: https://ecohammam.com/
Description: Link to the Eco-hammam project website, hosting the video-recordings of the virtual forums analysed in this paper.
MDPI and ACS Style
Sibley, M.; Pezzica, C.; Tweed, C. Eco-Hammam: The Complexity of Accelerating the Ecological Transition of a Key Social Heritage Sector in Morocco. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9935. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179935
AMA Style
Sibley M, Pezzica C, Tweed C. Eco-Hammam: The Complexity of Accelerating the Ecological Transition of a Key Social Heritage Sector in Morocco. Sustainability. 2021; 13(17):9935. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179935
Chicago/Turabian StyleSibley, Magda, Camilla Pezzica, and Chris Tweed. 2021. "Eco-Hammam: The Complexity of Accelerating the Ecological Transition of a Key Social Heritage Sector in Morocco" Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9935. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179935
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