Parental Knowledge and Awareness about Shaken Baby Syndrome in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Subjects and Methods
2. Results
2.1. Sociodemographic Characteristics
2.2. Description of Knowledge-Related Variables
2.3. Attitudes towards Shaken Baby Syndrome
2.4. Practice towards Shaken Baby Syndrome
3. Discussion
4. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Category | N (%) |
---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 73 (13.9%) |
Female | 451 (86.1%) | |
Age (years) | <20 | 14 (2.7%) |
20 to 29 | 142 (27.1%) | |
30 to 39 | 152 (29.0%) | |
40 or more | 216 (41.2%) | |
Nationality | Saudi | 445 (84.9%) |
Non-Saudi | 79 (15.1%) | |
Marital status | Married | 429 (81.9%) |
Divorced | 71 (13.5%) | |
Widowed | 24 (4.6%) | |
Educational level | High school or less | 101 (19.3%) |
Diploma | 53 (10.1%) | |
Bachelor’s | 315 (60.1%) | |
Postgraduate | 55 (10.5%) | |
Occupation | Employee | 260 (49.6%) |
Non-employee | 76 (14.5%) | |
Housewife | 188 (35.9%) | |
Monthly income (SAR/USD) | <SAR 5000 (USD 1350) | 226 (43.1%) |
SAR 5000 to 10,000 (USD 1350–2700) | 147 (28.1%) | |
>SAR 10,000 (>USD 2700) | 151 (28.8%) | |
Number of children | 1 to 5 | 366 (69.8%) |
5 to 7 | 128 (24.4%) | |
>7 | 30 (5.7%) | |
Have a chronically ill child at home | Yes | 56 (10.7%) |
Have any mental disorders | None | 421 (80.3%) |
Anxiety | 59 (11.3%) | |
Depression | 20 (3.8%) | |
Others | 24 (4.6%) |
Parameter | Category | Knowledge Level | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Poor, N = 109 | Good, N = 52 | p-Value | ||
Gender | Male | 15 (75.0%) | 5 (25.0%) | 0.456 |
Female | 94 (66.7%) | 47 (33.3%) | ||
Age (years) | <20 | 2 (66.7%) | 1 (33.3%) | 0.762 |
20 to 29 | 25 (61.0%) | 16 (39.0%) | ||
30 to 39 | 39 (69.6%) | 17 (30.4%) | ||
40 or more | 43 (70.5%) | 18 (29.5%) | ||
Nationality | Saudi | 91 (67.9%) | 43 (32.1%) | 0.900 |
Non-Saudi | 18 (66.7%) | 9 (33.3%) | ||
Marital status | Married | 86 (65.2%) | 46 (34.8%) | 0.155 |
Divorced | 16 (72.7%) | 6 (27.3%) | ||
Widowed | 7 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Educational level | High school or less | 23 (74.2%) | 8 (25.8%) | 0.134 |
Diploma | 18 (85.7%) | 3 (14.3%) | ||
Bachelor’s | 58 (63.7%) | 33 (36.3%) | ||
Postgraduate | 10 (55.6%) | 8 (44.4%) | ||
Occupation | Employee | 53 (61.6%) | 33 (38.4%) | 0.172 |
Non-employee | 13 (81.2%) | 3 (18.8%) | ||
Housewife | 43 (72.9%) | 16 (27.1%) | ||
Monthly income (SAR/USD) | <SAR 5000 (USD 1350) | 46 (73.0%) | 17 (27.0%) | 0.371 |
SAR 5000 to 10,000 (USD 1350–2700) | 34 (68.0%) | 16 (32.0%) | ||
>SAR 10,000 (>USD 2700) | 29 (60.4%) | 19 (39.6%) | ||
Number of children | 1 to 5 | 72 (63.7%) | 41 (36.3%) | 0.139 |
5 to 7 | 34 (79.1%) | 9 (20.9%) | ||
>7 | 3 (60.0%) | 2 (40.0%) | ||
Have a chronically ill child at home | 18 (75.0%) | 6 (25.0%) | ||
Have any mental disorders | None | 84 (65.1%) | 45 (34.9%) | 0.347 |
Anxiety | 15 (75.0%) | 5 (25.0%) | ||
Depression | 4 (66.7%) | 2 (33.3%) | ||
Others | 6 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Parameter | Category | N (%) |
---|---|---|
Want to know more about shaken baby syndrome | No | 84 (16.0%) |
Yes | 440 (84.0%) | |
If yes, from which source? | A doctor or medical staff during the vaccination period | 120 (28.6%) |
Internet and social media | 156 (37.1%) | |
Awareness campaign | 103 (24.5%) | |
Medical books and bulletins | 41 (9.8%) | |
Missing | 20 (4.5%) | |
When is the preferred time period that you want to obtain information about shaken baby syndrome ¥ | Before pregnancy | 172 (40.1%) |
During pregnancy | 147 (34.3%) | |
A week after giving birth | 33 (7.7%) | |
During vaccination visits to the child | 77 (17.9%) | |
Missing | 11 (2.5%) |
Parameter | Category | Attitude | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Negative, N = 84 | Positive, N = 440 | p-Value | ||
Gender | Male | 24 (32.9%) | 49 (67.1%) | <0.001 |
Female | 60 (13.3%) | 391 (86.7%) | ||
Age (years) | <20 | 1 (7.1%) | 13 (92.9%) | 0.502 |
20 to 29 | 21 (14.8%) | 121 (85.2%) | ||
30 to 39 | 30 (19.7%) | 122 (80.3%) | ||
40 or more | 32 (14.8%) | 184 (85.2%) | ||
Nationality | Saudi | 64 (14.4%) | 381 (85.6%) | 0.015 |
Non-Saudi | 20 (25.3%) | 59 (74.7%) | ||
Marital status | Married | 55 (12.8%) | 374 (87.2%) | <0.001 |
Divorced | 23 (32.4%) | 48 (67.6%) | ||
Widow | 6 (25.0%) | 18 (75.0%) | ||
Educational level | High school or less | 14 (13.9%) | 87 (86.1%) | 0.084 |
Diploma | 15 (28.3%) | 38 (71.7%) | ||
Bachelors | 47 (14.9%) | 268 (85.1%) | ||
Postgraduate | 8 (14.5%) | 47 (85.5%) | ||
Occupation | Employee | 42 (16.2%) | 218 (83.8%) | 0.776 |
Non-employee | 14 (18.4%) | 62 (81.6%) | ||
Housewife | 28 (14.9%) | 160 (85.1%) | ||
Monthly income (SAR) | <5000 (SAR 1350) | 27 (11.9%) | 199 (88.1%) | 0.026 |
5000 to 10,000 (SAR 1350–2700) | 33 (22.4%) | 114 (77.6%) | ||
>10,000 (>SAR 2700) | 24 (15.9%) | 127 (84.1%) | ||
Number of children | 1 to 5 | 50 (13.7%) | 316 (86.3%) | 0.036 |
5 to 7 | 30 (23.4%) | 98 (76.6%) | ||
>7 | 4 (13.3%) | 26 (86.7%) | ||
Have a chronically ill child at home | No | 75 (16.0%) | 393 (84.0%) | 0.993 |
Yes | 9 (16.1%) | 47 (83.9%) | ||
Have any mental disorders | None | 55 (13.1%) | 366 (86.9%) | <0.001 |
Anxiety | 16 (27.1%) | 43 (72.9%) | ||
Depression | 2 (10.0%) | 18 (90.0%) | ||
Others | 11 (45.8%) | 13 (54.2%) |
Parameter | Category | OR | 95% CI | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | — | — | |
Female | 2.32 | 1.23, 4.31 | 0.008 | |
Nationality | Saudi | — | — | |
Non-Saudi | 0.78 | 0.40, 1.59 | 0.485 | |
Marital status | Divorced | — | — | |
Married | 2.18 | 1.11, 4.14 | 0.019 | |
Widow | 1.52 | 0.50, 5.15 | 0.478 | |
Monthly income (SAR) | <5000 | — | — | |
5000 to 10,000 | 0.58 | 0.32, 1.06 | 0.075 | |
>10,000 | 0.81 | 0.42, 1.58 | 0.536 | |
Number of children | 1 to 5 | — | — | |
5 to 7 | 0.62 | 0.35, 1.10 | 0.099 | |
>7 | 1.86 | 0.62, 7.14 | 0.308 | |
Have any mental disorders | None | — | — | |
Anxiety | 0.54 | 0.27, 1.13 | 0.090 | |
Depression | 1.87 | 0.46, 12.9 | 0.444 | |
Others | 0.37 | 0.14, 1.00 | 0.045 |
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Alzahrani, F.; Al-Jabri, B.A.; Ramadan, S.A.L.; Alshehri, A.M.; Alsheikh, A.S.; Mushaeb, H.H.; Albisher, S.F.; AlSwealh, M.S. Parental Knowledge and Awareness about Shaken Baby Syndrome in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Pediatr. Rep. 2023, 15, 311-322. https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric15020027
Alzahrani F, Al-Jabri BA, Ramadan SAL, Alshehri AM, Alsheikh AS, Mushaeb HH, Albisher SF, AlSwealh MS. Parental Knowledge and Awareness about Shaken Baby Syndrome in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Pediatric Reports. 2023; 15(2):311-322. https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric15020027
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlzahrani, Fatma, Basma A. Al-Jabri, Salah Aldeen L. Ramadan, Abdulaziz M. Alshehri, Abdulaziz S. Alsheikh, Hanan Hassan Mushaeb, Sara Faisal Albisher, and Maab Sadek AlSwealh. 2023. "Parental Knowledge and Awareness about Shaken Baby Syndrome in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study" Pediatric Reports 15, no. 2: 311-322. https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric15020027