Search Results (44,488)

The cantilever pick-and-place arm of the high-speed placement machine is susceptible to micro-vibration and elastic deformation under high-acceleration motion, thereby degrading chip placement accuracy. To address this issue, this paper presents an analytical study on the natural frequency characteristics and structural optimization of slender variable-cross-section rods. First, based on the thin-walled shell theory, a displacement field model of the thin-walled cantilever rod is established. Second, combining the energy method and Hamilton’s principle, the undamped free vibration equation is derived. Using the Rayleigh–Ritz method with Chebyshev polynomials as the basis functions, an analytical calculation model for the natural frequency of the variable-section thin-walled rod is constructed. The model is validated against finite element simulations, and the relative errors of the low-order natural frequencies are controlled within 5%, confirming its favorable accuracy and robustness. Furthermore, the four-factor three-level orthogonal experiment is designed with the objective of maximizing natural frequency to conduct parameters sensitivity analysis. Accordingly, the optimal structural parameter combination ϕ₃ = 8 mm, L₁ = 10 mm, L₂ = 50 mm, and L₃ = 5 mm) is determined. Finally, the maximum dynamic deformation under high-acceleration motion decreases from 0.066 mm to 0.021 mm, a reduction of 68.2%, which effectively suppresses residual vibration and end displacement deviation. The analytical method proposed in this study provides a theoretical basis for the rapid dynamic performance evaluation of flexible components in high-speed precision equipment, and the optimization strategy can offer engineering references for the high-stiffness design of key components in chip placement machines. Full article

Background: Malnutrition is a universal challenge in long-term care, significantly affecting vulnerable populations. Residents with Intellectual Developmental Disability (IDD) rely heavily on Direct Support Professionals (DSPs) for assisted feeding. Understanding DSP’s mealtime experiences is essential for improving nutritional care and well-being. Objective: To examine multilevel factors associated with DSPs’ mealtime experiences. Methods: This exploratory cross-sectional case study used a survey administrated to DSPs working in a long-term residential setting. Statistical analyses examined the associations between multilevel factors and DSP’s positive and negative mealtime experiences. Results: The sample included 46 DSP’s (98% women) from a single facility in Israel. Although DSPs reported high levels of positive feelings and satisfaction with their daily work efficacy, negative feelings were significantly associated with some organizational, environmental and resident-related factors. Negative feelings were higher among DSPs caring for residents who use wheelchairs compared to those working with residents who do not use wheelchairs (t = −2.99, p < 0.01). Negative feelings were negatively associated with institutional support (r = −0.49, p < 0.001), and perceived accessibility and adaptability of the environment (r = −0.46, p = 0.001), and showed a more modest association with communication with residents (r = −0.38, p = 0.01). DSPs’ seniority, education level, and prior feeding-related training were not significantly associated with mealtime experience. Conclusions: The findings highlight that negative mealtime experiences among DSPs are associated with organizational, environmental, and resident-related factors, rather than with individual DSP’s characteristics. Policy and practical adjustments to address mealtime experiences for residents with IDD are suggested. Full article

Judo, as a weight-category combat sport, exposes young athletes to body mass pressures that may foster abnormal eating behaviours. Building on a companion study that documented the prevalence and sex-specific characteristics of abnormal eating behaviours in this cohort, this secondary analysis aimed to identify training-related predictors of eating behaviours in young Polish judo athletes, examine body image satisfaction as a mediator, and assess whether patterns observed in elite adult athletes apply to younger populations. The participants were 150 athletes (70 girls, 80 boys) aged 12–17. Eating behaviours were assessed using the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-13) and the Test of Eating Situation Style (TSJ); training characteristics, pre-competition weight control, and appearance satisfaction were examined through hierarchical regression, mediation analysis, latent profile analysis, and two-way ANOVA. Training-related factors—including tenure, session frequency, competitive level, and pre-competition weight control—showed no significant associations with eating behaviours. However, in a subsample of N = 136 athletes, relative weight grouping predicted dietary restraint (p = 0.015, η²p = 0.066), with athletes in the heaviest tertile reporting higher restriction; lower appearance satisfaction was associated with greater restraint (p = 0.031, β = −0.192), independently of sport-mandated weight control; females demonstrated higher emotional eating across instruments (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that body image and weight classification may be more strongly associated with eating behaviours than training demands, highlighting the need for body image interventions and the monitoring of athletes near weight category boundaries. Full article

Background/Objectives: Arterial hypertension might lead to serious organ damage and complications like hypertensive retinopathy. The retina is the only place in the human body where microscopic blood vessels can be directly investigated. This enables early diagnosis of arterial hypertension-mediated organ damage. Untreated hypertensive retinopathy leads to vision loss in its advanced stages. There are many methods of assessing changes in the arterioles; however, the most accurate is adaptive optics (RTX1™ device with AODetectArtery software, ver. 3.0., Imagine Eyes, Orsay, France). It provides a resolution of 1.6 μm, which is superior to conventional imaging techniques. Optical coherence tomography angiography can serve as an early, minimally invasive marker of microvascular damage. Across the studies analyzed, the WLR (Wall-to-Lumen Ratio) exhibited significantly higher values when comparing individuals with hypertensive retinopathy to normotensives (0.31 vs. 0.26). The main aim of this review is to present the application of adaptive optics in the early diagnosis of hypertensive retinopathy. Methods: The search strategy included 267 original studies, among which 12 were selected to be described and analyzed in this review based on criteria including original research and studies performed on humans with hypertensive retinopathy. Results: RTX1™ enables the assessment of arterial parameters such as the Wall Thickness (WT), Lumen Diameter (LD), Outer Diameter (OD), Wall-to-Lumen Ratio (WLR) and Wall Cross Sectional Area (WCSA). These parameters differ depending on the arterial hypertension. The WLR was identified to be the parameter that differs in the vast majority of analyzed studies when comparing hypertensive patients to normotensive patients. Vascular parameters were also found to change depending on different organisms’ states, treatment applications and etiological causes of disease. Furthermore, changes in retinal arterial parameters were associated with increased cardiovascular risk in observational studies. RTX1™ was also identified to provide very good intra- and interobserver variability. Conclusions: RTX1™ is a valuable tool in the examination of arterial vessels and in establishing associations between retinal vascular parameters and a patient’s clinical state. Full article

Mindfulness and body image anxiety are psychological factors associated with disordered eating and may contribute to orthorexia nervosa, yet their combined effects remain underexplored. In this cross-sectional online survey, 382 adults in Greece completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS-15), the Orthorexia scale (ORTO-6), the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS-12), and measures of body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PAVS). Descriptive statistics, correlations, regression analyses, and mediation analysis were conducted to examine the associations among mindfulness, body image anxiety, and orthorexia. Mindfulness correlated negatively with orthorexia and body image anxiety, whereas body image anxiety correlated positively with orthorexia. In multinomial logistic regression, higher body image anxiety increased the odds of low (OR = 1.194, 95% CI 1.114–1.280) and moderate mindfulness (OR = 1.125, 95% CI 1.068–1.185); orthorexia also increased the odds of low (OR = 1.146, 95% CI 1.040–1.264) and moderate mindfulness (OR = 1.099, 95% CI 1.026–1.176). Overall, psychological factors (mindfulness, body image anxiety) appeared more influential than anthropometric or lifestyle factors (BMI, physical activity) in relation to orthorexia. These findings indicate that mindfulness was inversely associated with orthorexia tendencies, while body image anxiety was positively associated with orthorexia and was statistically linked to this association in the mediation analysis. Full article

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents reflects their perception of physical, psychological, and social well-being within a specific cultural context, considering developmental stage and individual differences. The KIDSCREEN-27 is a self-report instrument designed to assess HRQoL in children and adolescents, with demonstrated validity and reliability in international samples. Objective: To examine the psychometric properties (i.e., reliability, construct validity, convergent and discriminant validity, and measurement invariance) of the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire in a sample of Mexican adolescents. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 1124 Mexican adolescents aged 10–17 years (M = 13.37, SD = 1.08; 53.5% female; 83.6% secondary education) obtained through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Reliability (Cronbach’s α, McDonald’s ω), structural validity through exploratory (AFE) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), measurement invariance by gender, and convergent and discriminant validity via correlations with self-esteem, well-being, stress, and anxiety–depressive symptoms were evaluated. Results: Analyses showed strong internal consistency (α = 0.912, ω = 0.914). EFA supported a five-dimensional structure. CFA showed an optimal fit after including specific covariances (χ²/df = 3.62, RMSEA = 0.048, CFI = 0.929, TLI = 0.919, SRMR = 0.043). Metric and scalar gender invariance were supported. Positive correlations emerged with well-being (r = 0.76, p < 0.01), self-esteem (r = 0.64, p < 0.01), and satisfaction with life (r = 0.52, p < 0.01), and negative correlations with stress (r = −0.61, p < 0.01), academic stress (r = −0.32, p < 0.01) and anxiety–depressive symptomatology (r = −0.53, p < 0.01), providing evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusions: The KIDSCREEN-27 demonstrated adequate psychometric properties, supporting its use among Mexican adolescents, enabling the identification of well-being needs, monitoring of interventions, informed decision-making in health and educational practice and supporting cross-cultural comparisons of adolescent well-being. Full article

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly utilized in orthodontics for diagnosis, treatment planning, and clinical management. Nevertheless, considerable variation persists in orthodontists’ knowledge, attitudes, utilization patterns, recommendations, and concerns regarding AI. The aim of this scoping review was to synthesize survey-based evidence on orthodontists’ perceptions and experiences with artificial intelligence. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify survey-based studies evaluating AI awareness, applications, attitudes, recommendations, and concerns among orthodontists, residents, postgraduate students, and academicians. Results: Seven studies involving a total of 1772 participants were included. Overall, postgraduate students and practicing clinicians demonstrated relatively limited knowledge of AI, whereas academicians exhibited a higher level of awareness. Although routine clinical implementation of AI remains limited, it was most frequently applied—or perceived as beneficial—in cephalometric and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis, orthognathic surgery planning, and treatment outcome prediction. The majority of participants supported the promotion of AI and the integration of AI education into orthodontic curricula. However, concerns persisted regarding insufficient technical expertise, high costs, ethical and legal challenges, reduced patient engagement, and the potential for diagnostic or procedural errors. Consistent variations related to age and professional role were observed across studies among academicians, postgraduate students, orthodontists, and residents. Conclusions: This scoping review seems to suggest a growing interest in and generally positive attitudes toward AI among orthodontists and trainees. However, the evidence base is limited to a small number of studies, heterogeneous and predominantly based on cross-sectional survey data. For these reasons, findings should be interpreted cautiously. Variability in knowledge and use persists, and integration into practice remains inconsistent. Further research is needed to support effective and evidence-based implementation. Full article

Background: New psychoactive substances (NPS) represent an evolving component of global substance use patterns and may contribute to HIV transmission through both injection-related and sexual risk behaviors. In Kazakhstan, where HIV incidence has increasingly shifted toward sexual transmission, evidence on HIV testing among NPS users remains limited. This study examined behavioral, social, and structural factors associated with HIV testing in this population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1500 adults reporting NPS use across six regions of Kazakhstan. Data were collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. The primary outcome was self-reported HIV testing (ever tested: yes/no). Independent variables included sociodemographic characteristics, substance use behaviors, sexual practices, peer communication about HIV, and structural access to prevention services. Univariable logistic regression with Bonferroni correction (p < 0.001) was used for variable screening. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Model discrimination was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: Overall, 86.7% of participants reported prior lifetime HIV testing. In the multivariable model (n = 1482), older age was associated with higher odds of testing (AOR 1.06 per year; 95% CI 1.04–1.08; p < 0.001). Compared with participants holding a bachelor’s degree or higher, those without a high school diploma had lower odds of testing (AOR 0.50; 95% CI 0.28–0.89). Injectable psychostimulant use was also associated with testing (AOR 1.40; 95% CI 1.21–2.01). Participants who never discussed HIV within peer networks were less likely to have been tested (AOR 0.69; 95% CI 0.49–0.97). Engagement with HIV prevention services (AOR 0.54; 95% CI 0.39–0.75) and use of prevention centers (AOR 0.63; 95% CI 0.45–0.87) were significantly associated with testing. The model demonstrated acceptable discrimination (AUC = 0.725). Conclusions: Lifetime HIV testing uptake among NPS users in Kazakhstan is high but influenced by educational attainment, peer communication, injection practices, and engagement with prevention services. Strengthening integration of prevention services and expanding peer-based outreach may improve equitable access to HIV testing in this population. Full article

In this study, a Ti–48 at.% Al–2 at.% Nb–2 at.% Cr alloy was cast by bottom-pouring cold crucible induction melting (CCIM), and the shrinkage depressions formed in ingots during solidification were investigated. Ingots with different heights were produced, and shrinkage depression height and yield were evaluated based on longitudinal cross-sectional observations. The normalized ingot height ranged from 4 to 25, and the shrinkage depression height increased from 20 mm to 105 mm with increasing ingot height. The yield ranged from 77% to 97% and did not increase monotonically, exhibiting noticeable scatter even among ingots with similar heights. The casting rate ranged from 0.025 kg/s to 0.18 kg/s, and the shrinkage depression height increased with increasing casting rate, whereas no clear correlation was observed between the yield and the casting rate. When the nozzle inner diameter ranged from 2 mm to 5 mm, both the shrinkage depression height and the yield increased, accompanied by scatter. The Reynolds number was evaluated as a parameter representing the average flow condition of the pouring stream; however, shrinkage depression formation could not be uniquely explained by the Reynolds number alone, indicating that melt feeding behavior and heat extraction conditions must also be considered. Full article

Background: The characterization of thyroid lesions is essential in clinical practice. Recent advances in imaging modalities, including nuclear imaging (NM), color Doppler ultrasonography, and sonography, have markedly improved the diagnostic accuracy for thyroid nodules. Objective: To assess thyroid diseases using Doppler ultrasound, nuclear scintigraphy, and sonography. Results: In this cross-sectional single-center study, 144 patients were examined to determine their thyroid structure and function using a multimodal imaging approach. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) indicated that most thyroid nodules were benign (62.5%), with 37.5% being malignant. Doppler vascularity demonstrated a sensitivity of 70.4% and a specificity of 40% (AUC = 0.514) for malignancy detection, while scintigraphy uptake in hypofunctioning nodules (nodules with decreased radionuclide uptake) showed a sensitivity of 37% and a specificity of 54.4% (AUC = 0.388). Thyroxine hormone levels showed a sensitivity of 57.4% and a specificity of 45.6% (AUC = 0.503) for detecting malignant thyroid nodules. In multivariate logistic regression, increased Doppler vascularity remained an independent predictor of malignancy (OR = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.15–4.96; p = 0.019), whereas decreased scintigraphic uptake showed a borderline effect (OR = 1.82; p = 0.069); high T4 level and increased uptake were not significant predictors. The combined Doppler ultrasound, scintigraphy, and thyroxine level model yielded an AUC of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.63–0.81), markedly higher than any single parameter. At the optimal Youden threshold (0.43), the model achieved 79.6% sensitivity, 68.2% specificity, and 72.4% accuracy, highlighting the superior diagnostic performance of the integrated approach for pre-FNAC stratification of thyroid malignancies. There was a strong, significant linear association between thyroxine levels and thyroid scintigraphy uptake (p-value < 0.001). Most patients with normal thyroxine levels exhibited decreased uptake (66.1%), whereas a minority (6.5%) demonstrated elevated uptake levels. This study found a strong correlation between mixed-echogenicity nodules and thyroid scintigraphy uptake (p-value = 0.019). Mixed-echogenicity nodules were most often associated with reduced uptake (57.8%), and hypoechoic nodules often had normal uptake (57.1%). Conclusions: The complementary integration of color Doppler vascularity, Tc-99m thyroid scintigraphy, and serum thyroxine levels yields superior Doppler–scintigraphy uptake correlation, increases the overall diagnostic accuracy, and offers a practical, non-invasive algorithm for differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules prior to FNAC or surgery. Full article

Forest areas may represent an important component of everyday urban environments, yet evidence remains mixed regarding whether perceived proximity and actual use show similar associations with health-related outcomes. Using a cross-sectional descriptive–correlational design, this study examined associations of perceived stress and self-rated health with perceived walking access to the nearest forest, residential green view, visit frequency, and visit duration among adults living in İstanbul, Türkiye. The study included 345 adults aged 18 years and older; complete PSS-14 data were available for 332 participants. In bivariate analyses, older age was associated with lower perceived stress, whereas longer perceived walking time was associated with higher perceived stress. Greater residential green view, more frequent visits, and longer visit duration were associated with lower perceived stress. For self-rated health, only visit frequency showed a significant bivariate association. In adjusted analyses, visit frequency remained independently associated with lower PSS-14 scores, whereas green view showed a borderline inverse association. In the ordinal logistic regression model, female sex was associated with higher odds of reporting worse self-rated health, while visit frequency and green view remained borderline. These findings indicate modest associations, with the clearest pattern observed for visit frequency and perceived stress. Given the convenience-sample design, self-reported exposure measures, and low model explanatory power, the findings should be interpreted as correlational and hypothesis-generating rather than causal. Full article

Background: Dentofacial deformities (DFDs) comprise heterogeneous sagittal, vertical, transverse, and asymmetry components, yet clinical severity is often summarized using isolated measurements. Objectives: To operationalize a reproducible composite DFD severity score and evaluate its cross-sectional associations with quality of life, function, airway-related screening indicators, and psychosocial burden. Methods: In this single-center cross-sectional study, consecutive adults assessed in an orthognathic surgery pathway underwent a prespecified 0–100 severity scoring framework integrating sagittal discrepancy (|Wits| and |ANB deviation|), vertical pattern (SN-MP angle), and asymmetry/transverse variables (chin deviation, asymmetry index, transverse discrepancy, and absolute overjet). Outcomes included the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ), FACE-Q facial appearance satisfaction scale, PHQ-9, GAD-7, STOP-Bang, functional testing, and CBCT-derived upper-airway metrics. Results: Severe DFDs had higher composite severity (62.9 ± 12.8 vs. 25.3 ± 10.9), larger sagittal discrepancy (|Wits| 6.3 ± 2.8 vs. 3.1 ± 1.8), and higher SN-MP angles (39.8 ± 7.4 vs. 34.7 ± 7.2) (all p < 0.001). Severe DFDs also had worse OQLQ (36.2 ± 6.2 vs. 24.1 ± 7.2), OHIP-14 (18.3 ± 4.2 vs. 12.4 ± 4.1), FACE-Q satisfaction (45.7 ± 10.3 vs. 67.6 ± 9.6), masticatory performance (59.4 ± 8.5 vs. 75.1 ± 7.5), and smaller airway area (126.7 ± 29.6 vs. 161.4 ± 27.7) (all p < 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression, |Wits|, SN-MP angle, asymmetry index, and lower airway area independently predicted severe status; PHQ-9 was associated with severity in unadjusted analyses but did not retain independent significance after multivariable adjustment. Model discrimination was high (AUC 0.91). Conclusions: This multidimensional severity framework captures clinically meaningful cross-sectional differences across morphologic, functional, airway-related, and psychosocial domains. Its interpretability remained stable in sensitivity analyses, but external and longitudinal validation is still required before broader implementation. Full article

Background/Objectives: The role of muscle trigger points (TrPs) in neuropathic pain (NP) components in whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) has not been investigated. Our aim was to systematically investigate if referred pain elicited by trigger points (TrPs) in neck musculature reproduces neuropathic pain (NP) characteristics in chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) and to determine the association of TrPs with pain intensity, mechanosensitivity, and disability. Methods: An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted (n = 64; chronic WAD: n = 32; age- and sex-matched healthy controls: n = 32). TrPs in upper trapezius, suboccipital, splenius capitis, levator scapulae, scalene, and sternocleidomastoid muscles were evaluated. Pain intensity, NP components, pain catastrophizing, and disability were assessed with an 11-point numerical pain rating scale (0–10), NP questionnaires (Douleur Neuropathique 4 [DN4], self-administered Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs [S-LANSS], and Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory [NSPI]), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and the Neck Disability Index, respectively. Mechanosensitivity (pressure pain thresholds) was assessed bilaterally over C2–C3 and C5–6 zygapophyseal joints, second metacarpal, and tibialis anterior muscle. The Mann–Whitney U test and advanced chi-square (χ²) test, including rank-based ANCOVA adjusted for age and sex, were used for comparisons between groups. Additionally, multivariate analyses were also performed (rank-based MANCOVA adjusted for age, sex, and pain intensity). Spearman’s rho (r_s) and LOESS regression analysis, corroborated with linear regression and/or polynomial regression coefficient analysis, were used to explore associations between clinical variables in WAD. Results: Significant differences in distribution of TrPs, with a significant effect of sex, were found between groups (p < 0.05). In WAD, a greater number of active TrPs, mostly prevalent in levator scapulae and suboccipital muscles, was associated with higher pain intensity, number and intensity of NP components, and disability (0.372 < r_s < 0.570, p < 0.05), or local mechanical hyperalgesia (r_s = −0.362, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Referred pain elicited by active TrPs in the neck muscles reproduced NP symptoms in chronic WAD. This study contributes to a new understanding of pain mechanisms in WAD, highlighting the role of active TrPs in generating or maintaining NP symptoms and sensitization processes. Full article

Background: Medication adherence is essential for effective management of chronic conditions, particularly among older adults with complex chronic conditions (CCCs). The Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ) is a brief self-report instrument widely used to assess adherence; however, its psychometric properties have not been evaluated in Albanian older populations. Objective: To assess the psychometric properties of the SMAQ in Albanian older adults with CCCs. Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted among 727 adults aged ≥65 years with two or more chronic conditions recruited from primary healthcare centers in southern Albania. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s ω. Construct validity was evaluated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and correlations with clinical and behavioral variables. Discriminative validity was examined using known-group approach and independent samples t-tests, and criterion validity was assessed using Spearman correlations. Results: The SMAQ demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.799, ω = 0.821). Factor analyses supported a unidimensional structure, with all items loading significantly onto a single factor. Model fit indices indicated acceptable fit (CFI = 0.921; SRMR = 0.051), although RMSEA suggested some misfit (0.116). Non-adherent participants had significantly higher SMAQ scores than adherent participants (p < 0.001), indicating strong discriminative validity. Conclusions: The SMAQ is a reliable and valid tool for assessing medication adherence among Albanian older adults with CCCs, supporting its use in primary healthcare and research settings. Full article

Background: Treatment-related problems (TRPs), including patient adherence, knowledge, and medication errors, affect hospitalized patients’ outcomes worldwide. Effective clinical pharmacist communication is essential for proper patient counselling and medication safety. However, the effect of clinical pharmacist communication skills on TRPs has not been adequately studied. Objective: This study aimed to assess patients’ satisfaction with clinical pharmacists’ communication components (appropriate timing, language, and empathy) and examine their association with TRPs, including patient adherence, knowledge, and medication errors. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two Jordanian public hospitals between October 2023 and April 2024 through a structured questionnaire to assess patients’ satisfaction, adherence, and knowledge. Medication errors were detected in collaboration with other healthcare providers through reviewing medical records and direct patient assessment based on the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists classification. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27. Results: A total of 613 adult inpatients were included. Overall, 82.1% (n = 503) of patients were satisfied with the clinical pharmacist communication, 75.5% (n = 463) showed good adherence, and 76% (n = 466) showed good knowledge. A total of 42.4% of medication errors (n = 260) were identified. Errors with harm or fatalities were not observed. The regression results showed that the overall satisfaction level was positively associated with patients’ adherence rate (B = 0.59; p < 0.001) and patients’ knowledge (B = 0.978; p < 0.001) and negatively associated with the number of medication errors (B = −0.024; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Clear, timely, and empathetic communication by clinical pharmacists was associated with patient satisfaction and was linked to better patient adherence and knowledge and fewer medication errors. Improving communication skills among clinical pharmacists could be a practical way to reduce TRPs. Full article