The Effects of Diabetes and Being Overweight on Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population and Research Design
2.2. Statistical Analysis
- Patients who neither had diabetes nor were overweight (None group (NG));
- Overweight patients (Overweight group (OWG));
- Patients with type 2 diabetes (Diabetes group (DMG));
- Overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (Diabetes + Overweight group (DM + OWG)).
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Gender | Statistics | HOS (Days) | ICU (Days) | FVC (%) | FEV 1 (%) | FEV1/FVC (%) | PCS (Months) | Age (Years) | BMI (kg/m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
None (NG) | Male (n = 41) | Median | 8.5 | 6 | 91 | 91 | 88 | 4 | 62 | 23.4 |
Minimum | 2 | 1 | 48 | 25 | 50 | 1 | 30 | 18.3 | ||
Maximum | 26 | 13 | 138 | 148 | 115 | 12 | 92 | 25.0 | ||
Female (n = 36) | Median | 11 | 11 | 95.5 | 94 | 96 | 5 | 66 | 23.0 | |
Minimum | 3 | 1 | 67 | 11 | 74 | 1 | 19 | 19.4 | ||
Maximum | 41 | 21 | 131 | 131 | 112 | 12 | 98 | 25.0 | ||
Overweight (OWG) | Male (n = 144) | Median | 8 | 6 | 88 | 90.5 | 93 | 5 | 63 | 30.5 |
Minimum | 1 | 1 | 47 | 40 | 4 | 1 | 33 | 25.2 | ||
Maximum | 57 | 27 | 134 | 135 | 127 | 12 | 88 | 44.3 | ||
Female (n = 130) | Median | 9 | 6 | 94 | 93 | 88 | 5 | 66 | 31.8 | |
Minimum | 2 | 2 | 54 | 31 | 4 | 1 | 30 | 25.2 | ||
Maximum | 52 | 38 | 131 | 140 | 113 | 12 | 90 | 47.5 | ||
Diabetes (DMG) | Male (n = 12) | Median | 13 | 0 | 88.5 | 87.5 | 83.5 | 3 | 74.5 | 24.1 |
Minimum | 7 | 0 | 70 | 72 | 76 | 1 | 62 | 21.1 | ||
Maximum | 32 | 0 | 103 | 116 | 106 | 8 | 90 | 24.8 | ||
Female (n = 5) | Median | 6 | 4 | 90 | 96 | 78 | 4 | 71 | 22.8 | |
Minimum | 4 | 4 | 78 | 79 | 77 | 3 | 60 | 20.2 | ||
Maximum | 8 | 4 | 98 | 98 | 106 | 8 | 80 | 24.0 | ||
Diabetes + Overweight (DM + OWG) | Male (n = 72) | Median | 11 | 6 | 85.5 | 88.5 | 82 | 4 | 69 | 31.0 |
Minimum | 2 | 1 | 52 | 37 | 53 | 1 | 47 | 25.2 | ||
Maximum | 95 | 49 | 118 | 118 | 112 | 12 | 87 | 47.8 | ||
Female (n = 26) | Median | 11 | 8 | 93 | 94 | 79 | 6 | 76 | 33.9 | |
Minimum | 2 | 3 | 70 | 67 | 65 | 1 | 48 | 25.3 | ||
Maximum | 25 | 14 | 128 | 124 | 111 | 12 | 90 | 48.9 |
Gender | Group | Lung Function | Treatment | Complications | Post-COVID Symptoms | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FVC < 85% | FEV < 85% | DEXA | REM | ICS | ANT | REH | ICU | EMB | THR | MYP | BI | DYS | CP | Cough | FTG | ||
Male | None | 61.0% | 58.5% | 71.2% | 39.2% | 33.3% | 38.0% | 3.9% | 9.8% | 3.8% | 0.0% | 25.0% | 15.4% | 46.2% | 5.8% | 34.6% | 23.1% |
Overweight | 63.2% | 68.1% | 73.9% | 33.1% | 29.7% | 25.8% | 6.8% | 16.7% | 8.0% | 1.8% | 23.3% | 12.3% | 50.3% | 16.0% | 43.6% | 31.3% | |
Diabetes | 58.3% | 66.7% | 84.6% | 15.4% | 7.1% | 23.1% | 13.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 13.3% | 6.7% | 53.3% | 13.3% | 33.3% | 20.0% | |
Diabetes + Overweight | 54.2% | 58.3% | 79.5% | 38.5% | 30.1% | 30.4% | 6.2% | 19.4% | 6.1% | 1.2% | 17.1% | 8.5% | 47.6% | 12.2% | 41.5% | 24.4% | |
Total | 60.2% | 63.7% | 75.3% | 34.8% | 29.4% | 28.9% | 6.5% | 15.6% | 6.4% | 1.3% | 21.5% | 11.5% | 49.0% | 13.1% | 41.0% | 27.6% | |
Female | None | 80.6% | 77.8% | 52.1% | 28.9% | 18.8% | 34.0% | 10.2% | 5.6% | 10.2 | 0.0% | 24.5% | 24.5% | 59.2% | 20.4% | 42.9% | 36.7% |
Overweight | 78.5% | 76.9% | 71.4% | 34.7% | 27.3% | 21.8% | 6.3% | 13.1% | 6.8% | 0.0% | 24.3% | 11.5% | 53.4% | 16.9% | 40.5% | 37.8% | |
Diabetes | 60.0% | 60.0% | 87.5% | 28.6% | 11.1% | 28.6% | 11.1% | 20.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 22.2% | 33.3% | 55.6% | 33.3% | 55.6% | 33.3% | |
Diabetes + Overweight | 73.1% | 61.5% | 82.4% | 44.1% | 32.4% | 39.4% | 6.5% | 15.4% | 5.7% | 0.0% | 22.9% | 28.6% | 42.9% | 20.0% | 34.3% | 40.0% | |
Total | 77.7% | 73.2% | 69.6% | 34.8% | 25.6% | 26.9% | 7.3% | 12.2% | 7.1% | 0.0% | 24.1% | 17.4% | 53.1% | 18.7% | 40.7% | 37.8% |
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Kirbiš, S.; Sobotkiewicz, N.; Schaubach, B.A.; Završnik, J.; Kokol, P.; Završnik, M.; Blažun Vošner, H. The Effects of Diabetes and Being Overweight on Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome. Infect. Dis. Rep. 2023, 15, 747-757. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr15060067
Kirbiš S, Sobotkiewicz N, Schaubach BA, Završnik J, Kokol P, Završnik M, Blažun Vošner H. The Effects of Diabetes and Being Overweight on Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome. Infectious Disease Reports. 2023; 15(6):747-757. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr15060067
Chicago/Turabian StyleKirbiš, Simona, Nina Sobotkiewicz, Barbara Antolinc Schaubach, Jernej Završnik, Peter Kokol, Matej Završnik, and Helena Blažun Vošner. 2023. "The Effects of Diabetes and Being Overweight on Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome" Infectious Disease Reports 15, no. 6: 747-757. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr15060067
APA StyleKirbiš, S., Sobotkiewicz, N., Schaubach, B. A., Završnik, J., Kokol, P., Završnik, M., & Blažun Vošner, H. (2023). The Effects of Diabetes and Being Overweight on Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome. Infectious Disease Reports, 15(6), 747-757. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr15060067