Capacity Fade of Lithium-Ion Batteries upon Mixed Calendar/Cycling Aging Protocol

Energy and power fade of lithium-ion batteries over time is a cause of complaints from Electric and Hybrid vehicles customers. Car manufacturers strive to improve accuracy of battery performance degradation predictions, in order to reduce warranty costs. Currently, these predictions are mainly based on accelerated aging tests in cycling mode or on calendar tests. However, testing protocols with combination of calendar and cycling modes representing the usage of a vehicle in real life application are not much used. In this paper, a mixed aging protocol combining cycling and calendar repetitive phases is elaborated. Experimental results obtained on a LIB technology are presented and discussed in comparison with conventional accelerated cycling tests at the same conditions.