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Article

Mechanism Analysis and Integrated Optimization for Reducing Low-Speed Starting Noise in Electric Vehicles

by
Wei Huang
1,2,
Youjun Yin
2,*,
Xinkun Xu
2,
Qiucheng Xia
2 and
Keying Luo
3
1
International Joint Research Center for Smart Grid Optimization and Control Technologies, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
2
School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
3
Kaili Power Supply Bureau of Guizhou Power Grid Co., Ltd., Kaili 556099, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
World Electr. Veh. J. 2026, 17(2), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj17020063
Submission received: 20 December 2025 / Revised: 24 January 2026 / Accepted: 28 January 2026 / Published: 30 January 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Manufacturing)
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Abstract

To address the low-speed starting noise in a small electric vehicle, this study proposes and validates a systematic diagnostic and optimization methodology. A novel objective testing method, based on energy tracking and matching, is first employed for precise noise source localization. Combined with electromagnetic force wave analysis, this method identifies the coupling between a 24th-order motor excitation and a powertrain structural mode as the root cause. Subsequently, a low-cost, integrated optimization scheme is presented, which synergistically combines three strategies: motor control refinement, powertrain natural frequency tuning, and mount isolation enhancement. Experimental validation demonstrates that this multi-domain approach reduces the sound pressure level at the driver’s ear by 4–6 dB(A), effectively eliminating the abnormal audible noise during starting and significantly improving the in-cabin sound quality. This paper offers a cost-effective engineering framework for resolving low-speed, low-frequency noise problems in electric vehicles.
Keywords: electric vehicle; NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness); low-speed starting electric vehicle; NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness); low-speed starting

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MDPI and ACS Style

Huang, W.; Yin, Y.; Xu, X.; Xia, Q.; Luo, K. Mechanism Analysis and Integrated Optimization for Reducing Low-Speed Starting Noise in Electric Vehicles. World Electr. Veh. J. 2026, 17, 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj17020063

AMA Style

Huang W, Yin Y, Xu X, Xia Q, Luo K. Mechanism Analysis and Integrated Optimization for Reducing Low-Speed Starting Noise in Electric Vehicles. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2026; 17(2):63. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj17020063

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huang, Wei, Youjun Yin, Xinkun Xu, Qiucheng Xia, and Keying Luo. 2026. "Mechanism Analysis and Integrated Optimization for Reducing Low-Speed Starting Noise in Electric Vehicles" World Electric Vehicle Journal 17, no. 2: 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj17020063

APA Style

Huang, W., Yin, Y., Xu, X., Xia, Q., & Luo, K. (2026). Mechanism Analysis and Integrated Optimization for Reducing Low-Speed Starting Noise in Electric Vehicles. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 17(2), 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj17020063

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