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Article

QuantumTrust-FedChain: A Blockchain-Aware Quantum-Tuned Federated Learning System for Cyber-Resilient Industrial IoT in 6G

Information Technology Department, College of Computing and Information Technology, Shaqra University, Shaqra City 11961, Saudi Arabia
Future Internet 2025, 17(11), 493; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17110493 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 26 September 2025 / Revised: 23 October 2025 / Accepted: 23 October 2025 / Published: 27 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Security and Privacy in Blockchains and the IoT—3rd Edition)

Abstract

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems face severe security and trust challenges, particularly under cross-domain data sharing and federated orchestration. We present QuantumTrust-FedChain, a cyber-resilient federated learning framework integrating quantum variational trust modeling, blockchain-backed provenance, and Byzantine-robust aggregation for secure IIoT collaboration in 6G networks. The architecture includes a Quantum Graph Attention Network (Q-GAT) for modeling device trust evolution using encrypted device logs. This consensus-aware federated optimizer penalizes adversarial gradients using stochastic contract enforcement, and a shard-based blockchain for real-time forensic traceability. Using datasets from SWaT and TON IoT, experiments show 98.3% accuracy in anomaly detection, 35% improvement in defense against model poisoning, and full ledger traceability with under 8.5% blockchain overhead. This framework offers a robust and explainable solution for secure AI deployment in safety-critical IIoT environments.
Keywords: federated learning; quantum computing; blockchain; industrial IoT; 6G networks; cybersecurity; trust management; byzantine fault tolerance federated learning; quantum computing; blockchain; industrial IoT; 6G networks; cybersecurity; trust management; byzantine fault tolerance

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Alharbi, S. QuantumTrust-FedChain: A Blockchain-Aware Quantum-Tuned Federated Learning System for Cyber-Resilient Industrial IoT in 6G. Future Internet 2025, 17, 493. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17110493

AMA Style

Alharbi S. QuantumTrust-FedChain: A Blockchain-Aware Quantum-Tuned Federated Learning System for Cyber-Resilient Industrial IoT in 6G. Future Internet. 2025; 17(11):493. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17110493

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alharbi, Saleh. 2025. "QuantumTrust-FedChain: A Blockchain-Aware Quantum-Tuned Federated Learning System for Cyber-Resilient Industrial IoT in 6G" Future Internet 17, no. 11: 493. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17110493

APA Style

Alharbi, S. (2025). QuantumTrust-FedChain: A Blockchain-Aware Quantum-Tuned Federated Learning System for Cyber-Resilient Industrial IoT in 6G. Future Internet, 17(11), 493. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17110493

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