Correction: Gandhi et al. Ultrasound-Mediated Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption for Drug Delivery: A Systematic Review of Protocols, Efficacy, and Safety Outcomes from Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Pharmaceutics 2022, 14, 833
by
, , ,
Kushan Gandhi
1,2
,
Anita Barzegar-Fallah
1,2,
Ashik Banstola
1,2,
Shakila B. Rizwan
2,3 and
John N. J. Reynolds
1,2,* 1
Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
2
Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
3
School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010005
Submission received: 30 November 2022
/
Accepted: 6 December 2022
/
Published: 20 December 2022
Error in Table
In the original publication [1], there was a mistake in Table 3 as published. The mistakes pertained to the manufacturer information listed in the rows corresponding to the Optison® and SonoVue®/Lumason® microbubbles. We acknowledge that some manufacturer information was outdated, and no longer currently accurate, e.g., the mean bubble diameters and concentrations. In addition, some information was accidentally misclassified between the two microbubbles, e.g., the gas core and shell composition. The corrected Table 3 appears below. The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.
Original:
Table 3.
Comparison of five major commercially available microbubble formulations used in studies for ultrasound-mediated BBB disruption (information sourced from manufacturer) and typical doses.
Table 3.
Comparison of five major commercially available microbubble formulations used in studies for ultrasound-mediated BBB disruption (information sourced from manufacturer) and typical doses.
| Agent | Manufacturer | Shell Composition | Gas Core Composition | Mean Bubble Diameter (µm) | Bubble Concentration (Bubbles/mL) | Use in Identified Studies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Definity®/Luminity® | Lantheus Medical Imaging | Lipid | C3F8 | 1.1–3.3 | 1.2 × 1010 | Used in n = 42 preclinical studies (typical doses: 10–20 µL/kg) and n = 6 clinical studies (typical dose: 4 µL/kg) |
| Optison® | GE Healthcare | Lipid | SF6 | 2.0–4.5 | 5–8 × 108 | Used in n = 14 preclinical studies (typical doses: 50–100 µL/kg but significantly varied in mouse studies) |
| SonoVue®/Lumason® | Bracco Diagnostics | Lipid-protein | C3F8 | 2.5 | 1–5 × 108 | Used in n = 29 preclinical studies (typical doses 25–150 µL/kg) and n = 2 clinical studies (typical dose: 100 µL/kg) |
| Usphere Prime® | Trust Bio-sonics | Lipid | C3F8 | 1.0 | 2.8 × 1010 | Used in n = 1 preclinical study |
| Sonazoid® | GE Healthcare | Lipid | C4F10 | 2.0–3.0 | 9 × 108 | Used in n = 1 preclinical study |
Corrected:
Table 3.
Comparison of five major commercially available microbubble formulations used in studies for ultrasound-mediated BBB disruption (information sourced from manufacturer) and typical doses.
Table 3.
Comparison of five major commercially available microbubble formulations used in studies for ultrasound-mediated BBB disruption (information sourced from manufacturer) and typical doses.
| Agent | Manufacturer | Shell Composition | Gas Core Composition | Mean Bubble Diameter (µm) | Bubble Concentration (Bubbles/mL) | Use in Identified Studies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Definity®/Luminity® | Lantheus Medical Imaging | Lipid | C3F8 | 1.1–3.3 | 1.2 × 1010 | Used in n = 42 preclinical studies (typical doses: 10–20 µL/kg) and n = 6 clinical studies (typical dose: 4 µL/kg) |
| Optison® | GE Healthcare | Protein | C3F8 | 3.0–4.5 | 5–8 × 108 | Used in n = 14 preclinical studies (typical doses: 50–100 µL/kg but significantly varied in mice studies) |
| SonoVue®/Lumason® | Bracco Diagnostics | Lipid | SF6 | 1.5–2.5 | 1.5–5.6 × 108 | Used in n = 29 preclinical studies (typical doses 25–150 µL/kg) and n = 2 clinical studies (typical dose: 100 µL/kg) |
| Usphere Prime® | Trust Bio-sonics | Lipid | C3F8 | 1.0 | 2.8 × 1010 | Used in n = 1 preclinical study |
| Sonazoid® | GE Healthcare | Lipid | C4F10 | 2.0–3.0 | 9 × 108 | Used in n = 1 preclinical study |
Reference
- Gandhi, K.; Barzegar-Fallah, A.; Banstola, A.; Rizwan, S.B.; Reynolds, J.N.J. Ultrasound-Mediated Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption for Drug Delivery: A Systematic Review of Protocols, Efficacy, and Safety Outcomes from Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Pharmaceutics 2022, 14, 833. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Gandhi, K.; Barzegar-Fallah, A.; Banstola, A.; Rizwan, S.B.; Reynolds, J.N.J. Correction: Gandhi et al. Ultrasound-Mediated Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption for Drug Delivery: A Systematic Review of Protocols, Efficacy, and Safety Outcomes from Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Pharmaceutics 2022, 14, 833. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010005
AMA Style
Gandhi K, Barzegar-Fallah A, Banstola A, Rizwan SB, Reynolds JNJ. Correction: Gandhi et al. Ultrasound-Mediated Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption for Drug Delivery: A Systematic Review of Protocols, Efficacy, and Safety Outcomes from Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Pharmaceutics 2022, 14, 833. Pharmaceutics. 2023; 15(1):5. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010005
Chicago/Turabian StyleGandhi, Kushan, Anita Barzegar-Fallah, Ashik Banstola, Shakila B. Rizwan, and John N. J. Reynolds. 2023. "Correction: Gandhi et al. Ultrasound-Mediated Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption for Drug Delivery: A Systematic Review of Protocols, Efficacy, and Safety Outcomes from Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Pharmaceutics 2022, 14, 833" Pharmaceutics 15, no. 1: 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010005
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