The Topical Novel Formulations of Interferon α-2в Effectively Inhibit HSV-1 Keratitis in the Rabbit Eye Model and HSV-2 Genital Herpes in Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Viruses and Cells
2.2. Antivirals
2.3. Determination of Cytotoxicity in Vero Cells
2.4. Determination of Antiviral Activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 in Vero Cells
2.5. Ethical Considerations
2.6. HSV-1 Keratitis in the Rabbit Eye Model
2.7. Mouse Model of HSV-2 Vaginal Herpes Infection
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Cytotoxic Effect and Antiviral Activity of IFN Alpha 2-b Formulations in Vero Cells
3.2. Efficacy of Topical Treatment Oftalmoferon® Forte against HSV-1 Keratitis in the Rabbit Eye Model
3.3. Efficacy of Interferon Vaginal Tablets in Mice with Genital Infection Induced by HSV-2
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Formulations | Viruses | CC50, IU/mL | EC50, IU/mL | EC90, IU/mL |
---|---|---|---|---|
Oftalmoferon® forte | HSV-1 | 56,647.08 | 4.24 | 38.16 ± 1.58 |
Interferon Vaginal Tablets | HSV-2 | 5437.53 ± 530.74 | 6.98 ± 2.39 | 62.82 ± 1.80 |
Characteristics | SLE Score |
---|---|
Conjunctival edema | Normal—0; mild—0.5; moderate—0.7; significant −1 |
Corneal edema | Normal—0; local—0.1; perelimbal—0.2 |
Edema of the iris | Normal—0; mild—0.1; moderate—0.2; significant −0.3 |
Conjunctival hyperemia | Normal—0; mild—0.5; moderate—0.7; significant −1 |
Hyperemia of the iris | Normal—0; mild—0.1; moderate—0.2; significant −0.3 |
Vascularization | Normal—0; surface—0.3; deep—0.5; mixed—0.7 |
Corneal roughness | Normal—0; mild—0.1; moderate—0.3; significant—0.5 |
Discharges from the eyes | Normal—0; catarrhal—0.1; fibrinous, small volume—0.3; fibrinous, significant volume—0.4; purulent–fibrinous, small volume—0.5; purulent–fibrinous, moderate volume—0.7; purulent–fibrinous, significant volume—1 |
SLE Score | Characteristics of Ulceration |
---|---|
0.2 | punctate, isolation, small size, in places of scarification |
0.5 | punctate, middle size, in places of scarification |
0.7 | punctate, isolation, small size, in places and beyond of scarification |
1 | punctate, middle size, in places and beyond of scarification |
1.2 | converging ulcerations, middle size, in places and beyond of scarification |
1.4 | punctate and converging ulcerations involved 1/4 of the cornea |
1.6 | punctate and converging ulcerations involved 1/3 of the cornea |
1.8 | punctate and converging ulcerations involved 1/2 of the cornea |
2.0 | punctate and converging ulcerations involved all of the cornea |
Clinical Symptoms | Score |
---|---|
Hyperemia | Normal—0; mild—1; moderate—2; significant -3 |
Edema | Normal—0; mild—1; moderate—2; significant -3 |
Discharge | Clear, watery or mucous—0; Abundant, clear, watery or mucous—1; Clear, thick, gel-like inclusion -2 Flaky whitish discharge—3 |
Lesions of the peripheral and central nervous system | Normal muscle strength—0, The early stage weak muscle tone reduction with full movement—1; The second stage, significant reduction in movements in the joint, muscles are able to overcome gravity and friction (the possibility of lifting the limb from the surface)—2; The third stage, movement in the joint is significantly reduced, movement without lifting the limb, crawling—3; The fourth stage, barely noticeable muscle contractions, no movement in the joints—4; The fifth stage, no voluntary movements, monoplegia (paralysis of the first limb)—5; Paraplegia (paralysis of both limbs)—10; Death—20. |
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Ivanina, A.; Leneva, I.; Falynskova, I.; Glubokova, E.; Kartashova, N.; Pankova, N.; Korovkin, S.; Svitich, O. The Topical Novel Formulations of Interferon α-2в Effectively Inhibit HSV-1 Keratitis in the Rabbit Eye Model and HSV-2 Genital Herpes in Mice. Viruses 2024, 16, 989. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16060989
Ivanina A, Leneva I, Falynskova I, Glubokova E, Kartashova N, Pankova N, Korovkin S, Svitich O. The Topical Novel Formulations of Interferon α-2в Effectively Inhibit HSV-1 Keratitis in the Rabbit Eye Model and HSV-2 Genital Herpes in Mice. Viruses. 2024; 16(6):989. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16060989
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvanina, Anna, Irina Leneva, Irina Falynskova, Ekaterina Glubokova, Nadezhda Kartashova, Nadezda Pankova, Sergei Korovkin, and Oxana Svitich. 2024. "The Topical Novel Formulations of Interferon α-2в Effectively Inhibit HSV-1 Keratitis in the Rabbit Eye Model and HSV-2 Genital Herpes in Mice" Viruses 16, no. 6: 989. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16060989
APA StyleIvanina, A., Leneva, I., Falynskova, I., Glubokova, E., Kartashova, N., Pankova, N., Korovkin, S., & Svitich, O. (2024). The Topical Novel Formulations of Interferon α-2в Effectively Inhibit HSV-1 Keratitis in the Rabbit Eye Model and HSV-2 Genital Herpes in Mice. Viruses, 16(6), 989. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16060989