In the Era of mRNA Vaccines, Is There Any Hope for HIV Functional Cure?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Types and Molecular Biology of mRNA Vaccines
3. mRNA Vaccine Delivery Methods
3.1. Naked mRNA
3.2. Dendritic Cell Vaccination
3.3. Formulated mRNA
4. Therapeutic mRNA Vaccines in Clinical Trials: The Experience with HIV
4.1. mRNA DC Vaccination
4.2. Naked mRNA Vaccination
5. Improving mRNA Vaccines for HIV
6. mRNA-Based HIV Functional Cure Strategies
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vaccines | Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|---|
RNA | Non-infectious Non-integrating Cell free Rapid and scalable production | Instability |
Vaccine Description | Design | Main Findings |
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AGS-004 Personalized immunotherapy using electroporation of DCs with autologous amplified HIV RNAs encoding Gag, Vpr, Rev, and Nef |
|
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Autologous DCs electroporated with mRNA encoding Gag and a chimeric Tat, Rev, and Nef protein | Phase I/II study—ID and SC injections every 4 weeks 4 occasions [18] |
|
Autologous DCs electroporated with mRNA encoding Gag and Nef | Randomized 2:1—4 ID injections at weeks 0, 2, 6, and 10, also received a contralateral ID injection of autologous DCs pulsed with KLH, a neo-antigen at weeks 0 and 2 [79] |
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iHIVARNA naked mRNA-based vaccine encoding activation signals (TriMix: CD40L + CD70 + caTLR4) combined with rationally selected antigenic sequences [HIVACAT T-cell immunogen (HTI)] sequence comprises 16 joined fragments from Gag, Pol, Vif, and Nef) |
|
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Esteban, I.; Pastor-Quiñones, C.; Usero, L.; Plana, M.; García, F.; Leal, L. In the Era of mRNA Vaccines, Is There Any Hope for HIV Functional Cure? Viruses 2021, 13, 501. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030501
Esteban I, Pastor-Quiñones C, Usero L, Plana M, García F, Leal L. In the Era of mRNA Vaccines, Is There Any Hope for HIV Functional Cure? Viruses. 2021; 13(3):501. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030501
Chicago/Turabian StyleEsteban, Ignasi, Carmen Pastor-Quiñones, Lorena Usero, Montserrat Plana, Felipe García, and Lorna Leal. 2021. "In the Era of mRNA Vaccines, Is There Any Hope for HIV Functional Cure?" Viruses 13, no. 3: 501. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030501