A Divergent Hepatitis D-Like Agent in Birds
1
WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
2
Molecular Research and Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
3
Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
4
Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2018, 10(12), 720; https://doi.org/10.3390/v10120720
Received: 9 November 2018 / Revised: 28 November 2018 / Accepted: 9 December 2018 / Published: 17 December 2018
(This article belongs to the Section Animal Viruses)
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is currently only found in humans and is a satellite virus that depends on hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope proteins for assembly, release, and entry. Using meta-transcriptomics, we identified the genome of a novel HDV-like agent in ducks. Sequence analysis revealed secondary structures that were shared with HDV, including self-complementarity and ribozyme features. The predicted viral protein shares 32% amino acid similarity to the small delta antigen of HDV and comprises a divergent phylogenetic lineage. The discovery of an avian HDV-like agent has important implications for the understanding of the origins of HDV and sub-viral agents.
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Keywords:
co-evolution; dabbling duck; hepatitis D virus; phylogeny
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
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MDPI and ACS Style
Wille, M.; Netter, H.J.; Littlejohn, M.; Yuen, L.; Shi, M.; Eden, J.-S.; Klaassen, M.; Holmes, E.C.; Hurt, A.C. A Divergent Hepatitis D-Like Agent in Birds. Viruses 2018, 10, 720. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10120720
AMA Style
Wille M, Netter HJ, Littlejohn M, Yuen L, Shi M, Eden J-S, Klaassen M, Holmes EC, Hurt AC. A Divergent Hepatitis D-Like Agent in Birds. Viruses. 2018; 10(12):720. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10120720
Chicago/Turabian StyleWille, Michelle; Netter, Hans J.; Littlejohn, Margaret; Yuen, Lilly; Shi, Mang; Eden, John-Sebastian; Klaassen, Marcel; Holmes, Edward C.; Hurt, Aeron C. 2018. "A Divergent Hepatitis D-Like Agent in Birds" Viruses 10, no. 12: 720. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10120720
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