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27 December 2025

Effect of Strain Rate on the Formability Prediction of Cold-Rolled DX56D+Z100-M-C-O Steel Sheets

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1
Department of Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 4, 166 07 Prague, Czech Republic
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Department of Manufacturing Processes and Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powst. Warszawy 8, 35-029 Rzeszów, Poland
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Department of Metal Working and Physical Metallurgy of Non-Ferrous Metals, Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Krakow, al. Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials2026, 19(1), 99;https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19010099 
(registering DOI)
This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Plastic Forming and Metal Processing: From Fundamentals to Applications

Abstract

Formability testing is a fundamental method for determining sheet metal’s susceptibility to deep drawing operations. This article presents the results of formability analysis of several batches of 0.7 mm thick cold-rolled DX56D+Z100-M-C-O steel sheets. As part of the preliminary tests, mechanical properties of the tested steel sheets were determined. The ARAMIS digital image correlation system was used to determine the formability of sheet metal during the hemispherical punch stretching test. The stretching tests were conducted over a wide range of strain rate variations between 2 mm/min and 17 mm/min. A total of 540 individual geometry measurements were taken to analyze the test material’s formability. It was observed that with increasing strain rate, the strength properties increased, while the plastic properties decreased. From the perspective of formability, the margin of plasticity (the ratio of yield strength to tensile strength) deteriorated with increasing strain rate in tensile tests. Forming limit curves revealed that at higher strain rates, the metal sheet’s formability decreased. A reduction in the safety margins with an increasing hemispherical punch stretching test speed was also observed.

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