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Volume 18
Issue 20
10.3390/ma18204696
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Coaxial Laser Cladding of Novel Wear-Resistant Alloy Coatings on 60CrMnMo Steel Surface

by
Min Chen
1,2,
Liu Weng
1,
Xuyang Liu
3,*,
Zhongxue Feng
4,*,
Xuan Xiao
1,
Haoran Zhou
1 and
Xuefeng Zhang
2
1
Vanadium and Titanium Critical Strategic Materials Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, China
2
Sichuan Vanadium & Titanium Industrial Technology Institute, Panzhihu 617000, China
3
College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
4
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2025, 18(20), 4696; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18204696 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 9 September 2025 / Revised: 30 September 2025 / Accepted: 11 October 2025 / Published: 13 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Metals and Alloys)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Fe–Cr–Nb–Al–C alloy coatings were firstly fabricated on a high-carbon forged steel surface via coaxial laser cladding. The morphological evolution with varying Nb contents and wear mechanisms of the coatings were systematically investigated through comprehensive analysis. The results indicate that Nb content critically governs the coating microstructure and mechanical properties. At low Nb levels, coarse grain-boundary networks of (Fe,Cr) solid solution embrittled by Cr23C6 are formed. Moderate Nb addition produces finely dispersed rod-shaped NbC precipitates. At higher Nb levels, the morphology evolves into a segregated martensite–ferrite dual-phase structure. The coating wear rate exhibits a parabolic dependence on Nb content, initially decreasing with moderate addition and then increasing with further Nb. Consequently, optimal wear resistance is achieved at a critical Nb content (3 wt.%) that establishes an optimal balance between NbC precipitation and phase uniformity, thereby minimizing debris generation and spalling.
Keywords: coating; laser cladding; Nb content; microstructure; wear resistance coating; laser cladding; Nb content; microstructure; wear resistance

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, M.; Weng, L.; Liu, X.; Feng, Z.; Xiao, X.; Zhou, H.; Zhang, X. Coaxial Laser Cladding of Novel Wear-Resistant Alloy Coatings on 60CrMnMo Steel Surface. Materials 2025, 18, 4696. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18204696

AMA Style

Chen M, Weng L, Liu X, Feng Z, Xiao X, Zhou H, Zhang X. Coaxial Laser Cladding of Novel Wear-Resistant Alloy Coatings on 60CrMnMo Steel Surface. Materials. 2025; 18(20):4696. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18204696

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Min, Liu Weng, Xuyang Liu, Zhongxue Feng, Xuan Xiao, Haoran Zhou, and Xuefeng Zhang. 2025. "Coaxial Laser Cladding of Novel Wear-Resistant Alloy Coatings on 60CrMnMo Steel Surface" Materials 18, no. 20: 4696. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18204696

APA Style

Chen, M., Weng, L., Liu, X., Feng, Z., Xiao, X., Zhou, H., & Zhang, X. (2025). Coaxial Laser Cladding of Novel Wear-Resistant Alloy Coatings on 60CrMnMo Steel Surface. Materials, 18(20), 4696. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18204696

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