Development and Performance Evaluation of a High-Permeability and High-Bonding Fog-Sealing Adhesive Material
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.1.1. Emulsified Asphalt
2.1.2. Waterborne Epoxy Resin Emulsion
2.1.3. Curing Agent
2.1.4. Aggregate Gradations
2.2. Experimental Program
2.3. Test Methods
2.3.1. Penetration Test
2.3.2. Bond Shear Strength Test
2.3.3. Water Stability Test
2.3.4. Aging Resistance Test
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Fabrication of the Fog-Sealing Adhesive Material
3.1.1. Permeability
3.1.2. Bond Shear Strength
3.1.3. Water Stability
3.1.4. Aging Resistance
3.1.5. Recommended Formula for Fog-Sealing Adhesive Material
3.2. Evaluation of the Fog-Sealing Adhesive Material
3.2.1. Permeability
3.2.2. Bond Shear Strength
3.2.3. Water Stability
3.2.4. Aging Resistance
4. Microstructure and Strength Formation Mechanism
4.1. Micromorphology
4.2. Hydrophobic
4.3. Thermal Stability
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Using laboratory tests, the formulation of epoxy-emulsified asphalt with high permeability and bonding performance is proposed as the adhesive material for preparing the fog-sealing layer. The recommended formula is 80% emulsified asphalt and 2:1–3:1 epoxy ratio.
- (2)
- The technical performance of the proposed HPBFA is verified using laboratory tests. Compared with the domestic traditional fog-sealing adhesive material, the recommended formula shows better permeability, bond shear strength, water stability, and aging resistance.
- (3)
- The microstructural properties of the HPBFA-cured material are analyzed. Results show that the epoxy system in the HPBFA-cured material can form a continuous three-dimensional network structure, which can improve the strength and wear resistance of the material. The cured material shows a good hydrophobic surface, large contact angle, and good permeability. The initial thermal weight loss temperature of the HPBFA-cured material is considerably higher than the environmental aging temperature. Moreover, the maximum temperature decomposition range is 0–160 °C, and the material shows good thermal stability.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Test Indicators | Tested Values | Standards | |
---|---|---|---|
Demulsification speed | Slow crack | Slow crack | |
Particle charge | + | Cation (+) | |
Residual amount on sieve (1.18 mm sieve) (%) | 0.01 | ≯0.1 | |
Engla viscometer E25 | 3.5 | 1–6 | |
Evaporative residues | Residual content (%) | 50.7 | ≮50 |
Penetration (100 g, 25 °C, 5 s) (0.1 mm) | 88 | 50–300 | |
Ductility (15 °C) (cm) | >100 | ≮40 | |
Storage stability at room temperature | 1 d (%) | 0.3 | ≯1 |
5 d (%) | 2.8 | ≯5 |
Softening Point (℃) | Epoxy Equivalent | Shrinkage Rate (%) | Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (%) | Epoxy Value (Eq/100 g) | Organochlorine (%) | Inorganic Chlorine (ppm) | Volatile (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16–24 | 212.6–238.1 | <2 | 6–10.2 | 0.42–0.47 | ≯0.5 | ≯200 | 1.0 |
Test Indicators | Active Ingredient Content (%) | Density (g/cm3) | Viscosity (mPa·s) | Active Hydrogen Equivalent |
---|---|---|---|---|
Test values | 50.0 ± 1.0 | 1.05–1.12 | 5000–20,000 | 287 |
Test Indicators | Emulsified Asphalt | Waterborne Epoxy Resin Emulsion | Curing Agent | Water |
---|---|---|---|---|
Residual sand quality (g) | 49.3 | 49.2 | 57.9 | 49.1 |
Osmotic time (min) | 0.69 | 0.72 | >30 | 0.13 |
Penetration velocity (cm/min) | 2.38 | 2.30 | / | 12.99 |
Test Indicators | Recommended Contents for Following Components | ||
---|---|---|---|
Emulsified Asphalt | Curing Agent | Epoxy Ratio | |
Permeability | - | ≯10% | - |
Bond shear strength | ≯80% | - | 2:1–3:1 |
Water stability | 80% | - | 2:1–4:1 |
Aging resistance | ≮80% | - | 2:1–4:1 |
Test Indicators | HPBFA | BE-4-Emulsified Asphalt | SBS-Modified Emulsified Asphalt | Asphalt Commonly Used in Fog-Sealing Layers |
---|---|---|---|---|
Residual sand mass (g) | 50.4 | 49.3 | 53.2 | 55.5 |
Penetration time (min) | 1.14 | 0.69 | 6.52 | 1.97 |
Seepage velocity (cm/min) | 1.29 | 2.38 | 0.16 | 0.35 |
Type of Fog-Sealing Adhesive Material | HPBFA | BE-4-Emulsified Asphalt | SBS-Modified Emulsified Asphalt | Asphalt Commonly Used in Fog-Sealing Layers |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mass-loss rate (%) | 3.93 | 4.36 | 5.70 | 6.55 |
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Tian, T.; Jiang, Y.; Fan, J.; Yi, Y.; Deng, C. Development and Performance Evaluation of a High-Permeability and High-Bonding Fog-Sealing Adhesive Material. Materials 2021, 14, 3599. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14133599
Tian T, Jiang Y, Fan J, Yi Y, Deng C. Development and Performance Evaluation of a High-Permeability and High-Bonding Fog-Sealing Adhesive Material. Materials. 2021; 14(13):3599. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14133599
Chicago/Turabian StyleTian, Tian, Yingjun Jiang, Jiangtao Fan, Yong Yi, and Changqing Deng. 2021. "Development and Performance Evaluation of a High-Permeability and High-Bonding Fog-Sealing Adhesive Material" Materials 14, no. 13: 3599. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14133599