Color Stability and Micro-Hardness of Bulk-Fill Composite Materials after Exposure to Common Beverages
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Specimen Preparation
2.2. Staining Procedure
2.3. Color Change Determination
2.4. Microhardness Measurement
2.5. Statistical Testing
3. Results
3.1. Color Change (ΔE)
3.2. Surface Microhardness
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AUDMA | Aromatic urethane dimethacrylate |
Bis-GMA | Bisphenolglycidyl methacrylate |
Bis-EMA | Ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate |
CQ | Camphorquinone |
DDDMA | 1,12-Dodecane dimethacrylate |
TEGDMA | Tri-ethylene-glycol-dimethacrylate |
UDMA | Urethane dimethacrylate |
wt.% | weight percentage |
vol.% | volume percentage |
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Material, Abbreviation | Category | Resin Matrix | Main Fillers | Filler Load (wt.%/vol.%) | Photoinitiator | Manufacturer |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Filtek Z350 (Z350) | Nano-composite | Bis-GMA, UDMA | Silane-treated ceramic, silica, zirconia | 73/56 | CQ | 3M ESPE, Dental Products, Saint Paul, MN, USA |
Filtek Bulk-Fill (FB) | Nano-hybrid Bulk-Fill composite | AUDMA, UDMA, DDDMA | Silane-treated ceramics, silica, zirconia | 77/59 | CQ | 3M ESPE, Dental Products, Saint Paul, MN, USA |
Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill (TB) | Nano-hybrid Bulk-Fill composite | Bis-GMA, Bis-EMA, UDMA | Barium glass, silicate glass | 81/61 | CQ, dibenzoyl germanium derivative (Ivocerin®) | Ivoclar Vivadent, Zurich, Switzerland |
Sonic Fill 2 (SF2) | Hybrid Bulk-Fill composite | Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, Bis-EMA | Zirconium oxide glass | 81/- | Not disclosed | Kerr Dental, Orange, CA, USA |
SDR Flow (SDR) | Bulk-Fill flowable composite | Bis-EMA, modified UDMA, TEGDMA | Barium-aluminum-fluorosilicate glass | 68/45 | CQ | Dentsply; Konstanz, Germany |
Material | Solution | Vickers Microhardness (Baseline) | Vickers Microhardness (after 90 Days) |
---|---|---|---|
Filtek Z350 | Tea | 74.2 ± 3.6 | 74.1 ± 5.1 |
Coffee | 73.8 ± 1.6 | 75.5 ± 4.8 | |
Berry juice | 74.8 ± 4.6 | 66.9 ± 4.8 | |
Distilled water | 73.8 ± 4.1 | 69.4 ± 10.6 | |
Filtek Bulk-Fill | Tea | 54.0 ± 3.4 | 51.1 ± 6.0 |
Coffee | 55.6 ± 2.0 | 55.4 ± 4.7 | |
Berry juice | 53.4 ± 3.4 | 52.9 ± 4.5 | |
Distilled water | 54.0 ± 4.8 | 46.1 ± 6.0 | |
Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill | Tea | 43.2 ± 2.6 | 47.3 ± 2.4 |
Coffee | 44.4 ± 3.1 | 46.3 ± 2.4 | |
Berry juice | 44.0 ± 2.9 | 43.2 ± 4.7 | |
Distilled water | 42.8 ± 2.6 | 45.1 ± 2.1 | |
Sonic Fill 2 | Tea | 63.6 ± 3.1 | 64.3 ± 3.2 |
Coffee | 65.4 ± 3.4 | 67.7 ± 4.2 | |
Berry juice | 66.0 ± 3.9 | 63.3 ± 2.7 | |
Distilled water | 64.6 ± 0.6 | 64.3 ± 2.7 | |
SDR | Tea | 27.6 ± 2.5 | 35.9 ± 1.5 |
Coffee | 28.0 ± 1.9 | 33.8 ± 5.0 | |
Berry juice | 28.8 ± 2.7 | 29.1 ± 1.6 | |
Distilled water | 27.5 ± 3.5 | 33.8 ± 3.5 |
Material | Solution | ΔL | Δa | Δb | ΔE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Filtek Z350 | Tea | −6.3 ± 0.5 | −2.0 ± 0.6 | 45.0 ± 4.7 | 45.5 ± 4.6 * |
Coffee | −9.7 ± 2.2 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 16.6 ± 2.0 | 19.4 ± 2.8 * | |
Berry juice | −2.4 ± 0.5 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 0.5 * | |
Distilled water | −0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.3 ± 0.0 | −0.2 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | |
Filtek Bulk-Fill | Tea | −2.3 ± 0.8 | −4.2 ± 0.7 | 22.5 ± 4.7 | 23.0 ± 4.7 * |
Coffee | −4.7 ± 1.3 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 8.4 ± 2.1 | 9.7 ± 2.0 * | |
Berry juice | −1.5 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | −0.4 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | |
Distilled water | −1.2 ± 0.9 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | −2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | |
Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill | Tea | −5.5 ± 1.7 | −2.7 ± 0.8 | 19.6 ± 6.2 | 19.7 ± 1.0 * |
Coffee | −5.8 ± 0.9 | −0.7 ± 0.3 | 9.1 ± 1.7 | 9.6 ± 1.3 * | |
Berry juice | −4.1 ± 0.9 | 4.6 ± 1.4 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 5.8 ± 1.1 * | |
Distilled water | −2.9 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | −0.3 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 0.6 | |
Sonic Fill 2 | Tea | −4.6 ± 0.7 | −5.3 ± 0.7 | 18.4 ± 1.1 | 20.5 ± 6.4 * |
Coffee | −5.3 ± 0.8 | −1.8 ± 0.3 | 7.7 ± 1.5 | 10.8 ± 1.9 * | |
Berry juice | −4.2 ± 1.0 | 3.9 ± 0.7 | −0.9 ± 0.7 | 6.3 ± 1.7 * | |
Distilled water | −1.5 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | −2.0 ± 0.6 | 3.0 ± 0.7 | |
SDR | Tea | −2.7 ± 1.1 | −3.5 ± 0.4 | 12.8 ± 1.2 | 13.5 ± 1.1 * |
Coffee | −6.8 ± 8.6 | −1.5 ± 0.1 | 10.8 ± 1.7 | 14.1 ± 5.9 * | |
Berry juice | −3.0 ± 1.2 | 6.4 ± 1.3 | 3.0 ± 8.5 | 10.7 ± 2.4 * | |
Distilled water | −2.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 1.1 | −1.5 ± 0.42 | 2.7 ± 0.2 |
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Bahbishi, N.; Mzain, W.; Badeeb, B.; Nassar, H.M. Color Stability and Micro-Hardness of Bulk-Fill Composite Materials after Exposure to Common Beverages. Materials 2020, 13, 787. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030787
Bahbishi N, Mzain W, Badeeb B, Nassar HM. Color Stability and Micro-Hardness of Bulk-Fill Composite Materials after Exposure to Common Beverages. Materials. 2020; 13(3):787. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030787
Chicago/Turabian StyleBahbishi, Nora, Waad Mzain, Bayan Badeeb, and Hani M. Nassar. 2020. "Color Stability and Micro-Hardness of Bulk-Fill Composite Materials after Exposure to Common Beverages" Materials 13, no. 3: 787. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030787
APA StyleBahbishi, N., Mzain, W., Badeeb, B., & Nassar, H. M. (2020). Color Stability and Micro-Hardness of Bulk-Fill Composite Materials after Exposure to Common Beverages. Materials, 13(3), 787. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030787