Optimal Configuration of the Integrated Charging Station for PV and Hydrogen Storage
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Structure and Component Mathematical Model of Integrated Charging Station
2.1. Structure of Integrated Charging Station
2.2. Component Mathematical Model
3. Optimized Configuration Model
3.1. Energy Flow Strategy
- a:
- If the requirements of EV and HV are met., the remaining power of photovoltaic power generation will charge the battery in turn, the electrolytic cell will store hydrogen, and finally, the remaining power will be connected to the grid.
- b:
- If the requirements of EV are met, the requirements of HV are not met. The remaining power of photovoltaic power generation is first used for electrolytic hydrogen storage in the electrolytic cell. When used for battery charging, HV is still in shortage and is supplemented with purchased standby hydrogen.
- c:
- If the requirements of HV are met, the requirements of EV are not met. The primary discharge of battery and fuel cells provides the demand for EV, finally supplemented by the power grid.
- d:
- There is a shortage in EV and HV demand. The EV demand is discharged by the battery first, and the power grid will supplement the power shortage. HV needs to purchase a standby hydrogen supplement.
3.2. Optimization Model
4. Optimization Model Solution
4.1. Optimize Process
4.2. Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
5. Example Analysis
5.1. Scene and Parameters
5.2. Capacity Optimization Configuration Results
5.3. Operation Analysis of Integrated Charging Station
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
CRF | Capital recovery factor |
Investment cost | |
Maintenance cost | |
Running cost | |
Sale of electricity revenue | |
EV | Electric vehicle |
Unit price of photovoltaic | |
Unit price of battery | |
Unit price of electrolytic cell | |
Unit price of fuel cell | |
Unit price of hydrogen tank | |
Unit price of electricity | |
Unit price of hydrogen | |
Unit price of selling electricity | |
Capacity of battery | |
Operating cost | |
Purchase electricity proportional to demand | |
Purchase hydrogen proportional to demand | |
Function value of the m non-inferior solution of the n objective function | |
Sunlight intensity | |
Rated sunlight intensity | |
Hydrogen content of the hydrogen storage tank | |
HV | Hydrogen vehicle |
Electrolytic cell manufacturing hydrogen | |
Fuel battery consumption hydrogen gas | |
Hydrogen vehicle demand | |
Consumption of spare hydrogen | |
HHV | Ratio conversion of hydrogen and electricity |
Maintenance factor | |
PV | Photovoltaic |
Photovoltaic power generation | |
Photovoltaic rated power | |
Battery charge and discharge power | |
Electrolytic cell consumption power | |
Fuel cell power supply | |
Electric vehicle demand | |
Grid power | |
Grid power supply | |
Power on grid | |
Annual interest rate | |
SOC | State of charge |
Temperature | |
Rated temperature | |
Active life | |
Efficiency of battery | |
Efficiency of electrolytic cell | |
Efficiency of fuel cell | |
Membership of the m non-inferior solution of the n objective function |
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Component | Power Price (yuan/kW) | Service Life (year) |
---|---|---|
Photovoltaic | 7000 | 20 |
Battery | 1200 | 5 |
Electrolytic cell | 14,000 | 10 |
Fuel cell | 14,000 | 10 |
Hydrogen tank | 3380 | 10 |
Optimization Objective | Optimization Result |
---|---|
Photovoltaic (kW) | 100 |
Battery (kW) | 362 |
Electrolytic cell (kW) | 734 |
Fuel cell (kW) | 136 |
Hydrogen tank (kg) | 64 |
Annualized cost (yuan) | 3,620,953.085 |
The proportion of power purchase (%) | 0.305 |
The proportion of standby hydrogen purchase (%) | 0.481 |
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Wang, M.; Dong, X.; Zhai, Y. Optimal Configuration of the Integrated Charging Station for PV and Hydrogen Storage. Energies 2021, 14, 7087. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14217087
Wang M, Dong X, Zhai Y. Optimal Configuration of the Integrated Charging Station for PV and Hydrogen Storage. Energies. 2021; 14(21):7087. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14217087
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Min, Xiaobin Dong, and Youchun Zhai. 2021. "Optimal Configuration of the Integrated Charging Station for PV and Hydrogen Storage" Energies 14, no. 21: 7087. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14217087