Journal of Eye Movement Research

18 pages, 324 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Vowel Length on Gaze Durations in Silent and Oral Reading

by Lynn Huestegge

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2009, 3(5), 1-18; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.3.5.5 - 16 Dec 2010

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 43

Vowel length is known to affect reaction times in single word reading. Eye movement studies involving silent sentence reading showed that phonological information of a word can be acquired even before it is fixated. However, it remained an open question whether vowel length directly influences oculomotor control in sentence reading. In the present eye tracking study, subjects read sentences that included target words of varying vowel length and frequency. In Experiment 1, subjects read silently for comprehension, whereas Experiment 2 involved oral reading. Experiments 3 and 4 additionally included an articulatory suppression task and a foot tapping task. Results indicated that in conditions that did not require additional articulation (Experiments 1 and 4) gaze durations were increased for words with long vowels compared to words with short vowels. Conditions that required simultaneous articulation (Experiments 2 and 3) did not yield a vowel length effect. The results point to an influence of phonetic properties on oculomotor control during silent reading around the time of the completion of lexical access. Full article

10 pages, 1140 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Contribution of Interference Control for Young Children's Working Memory Performance: Insights from Eye-Tracking

by Claudia M. Roebers, Corinne Schmid and Thomas Roderer

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2009, 3(5), 1-10; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.3.5.4 - 16 Dec 2010

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 38

Abstract

In the present study, the role of visual attentional processes for working memory performance in a sample of 6-year-olds was investigated. This was done by combining an individual differences approach with an experimental manipulation: For the individual differences approach, participants were grouped based on their performance in a classical interference control task, and their working memory skills were systematically compared. For the experimental manipulation, the need to control interference while performing a working memory task was increased in one condition through presentation of distracting stimuli. In a between-subject design performance in this condition was contrasted with a control condition without distractors. Additionally, fixation time during stimuli presentation were quantified by tracking participants' gazes. Results revealed that children with higher interference control skills showed superior working memory performance. Increasing the need to inhibit attention towards task-irrelevant information through presentation of distractors decreased working memory performance. The present study offers supporting evidence for a close relationship between young children's working memory and attention. Full article

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20 pages, 3363 KiB

Open AccessArticle

This Is It ! : Indicating and Looking in Collaborative Work at Distance

by Mauro Cherubini, Marc-Antoine Nüssli and Pierre Dillenbourg

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2009, 3(5), 1-20; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.3.5.3 - 9 Dec 2010

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 45

Abstract

Little is known of the interplay between deixis and eye movements in remote collaboration. This paper presents quantitative results from an experiment where participant pairs had to collaborate at a distance using chat tools that differed in the way messages could be enriched with spatial information from the map in the shared workspace. We studied how the availability of what we defined as an Explicit Referencing mechanism (ER) affected the coordination of the eye movements of the participants. The manipulation of the availability of ER did not produce any significant difference on the gaze coupling. However, we found a primary relation between the pairs recurrence of eye movements and their task performance. Implications for design are discussed. Full article

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8 pages, 796 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Illusion of Being Located in Dynamic Virtual Environments—Can Eye Movement Parameters Predict Spatial Presence?

by Bartholomäus Wissmath, Daniel Stricker, David Weibel, Eva Siegenthaler and Fred W. Mast

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2009, 3(5), 1-8; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.3.5.2 - 30 Oct 2010

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 58

Abstract

Attention allocation towards the mediated environment is assumed to be a necessary precondition to feel localized in a virtual world. In presence research, however, the potential of eye movement research has not been fully exploited so far. In this study, participants (N = 44) rode on a virtual roller coaster simulation. We compare participants scoring high versus low on presence. During the ride, the eye movements and subjective ex post presence judgments were assessed. We found high sensations of presence to be associated with fewer fixations and a tendency towards longer fixation durations. In contrast to the immersive tendency trait, eye movement parameters can predict presence. Full article

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14 pages, 843 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Microsaccade Characterization Using the Continuous Wavelet Transform and Principal Component Analysis

by Mario Bettenbühl, Claudia Paladini, Konstantin Mergenthaler, Reinhold Kliegl, Ralf Engbert and Matthias Holschneider

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2009, 3(5), 1-14; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.3.5.1 - 30 Oct 2010

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 43

Abstract

During visual fixation on a target, humans perform miniature (or fixational) eye movements consisting of three components, i.e., tremor, drift, and microsaccades. Microsaccades are high velocity components with small amplitudes within fixational eye movements. However, microsaccade shapes and statistical properties vary between individual observers. Here we show that microsaccades can be formally represented with two significant shapes which we identfied using the mathematical definition of singularities for the detection of the former in real data with the continuous wavelet transform. For characterization and model selection, we carried out a principal component analysis, which identified a step shape with an overshoot as first and a bump which regulates the overshoot as second component. We conclude that microsaccades are singular events with an overshoot component which can be detected by the continuous wavelet transform. Full article

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J. Eye Mov. Res., Volume 3, Issue 5 (December 2009) – 5 articles

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