Current and Future Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
1
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
2
Long School of Medicine, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
3
Department of Otology and Laryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4185-4198; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060334
Received: 23 April 2022
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Revised: 2 June 2022
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Accepted: 7 June 2022
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Published: 8 June 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck)
With the introduction of immunotherapy, significant improvement has been made in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, only a small subset of patients with HNSCC benefit from immunotherapy. The current biomarker, a programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression that is widely used in treatment decision making for advanced HNSCC, has only a moderate predictive value. Additionally, PD-L1-based assay has critical inherent limitations due to its highly dynamic nature and lack of standardization. With the advance in molecular techniques and our understanding of biology, more reliable, reproducible, and practical novel biomarkers are being developed. These include but are not limited to neoantigen/mutation characteristics, immune transcriptomes, tumor-infiltrating immune cell composition, cancer epigenomic, proteomics and metabolic characteristics, and plasma-based and organoid assays.
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Keywords:
head and neck cancer; immune checkpoint inhibitor; biomarker; PD-L1
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MDPI and ACS Style
Park, J.C.; Krishnakumar, H.N.; Saladi, S.V. Current and Future Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29, 4185-4198. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060334
AMA Style
Park JC, Krishnakumar HN, Saladi SV. Current and Future Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Current Oncology. 2022; 29(6):4185-4198. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060334
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Jong Chul, Hari N. Krishnakumar, and Srinivas Vinod Saladi. 2022. "Current and Future Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma" Current Oncology 29, no. 6: 4185-4198. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060334
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