International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

9 pages, 264 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fear of Childbirth Among Pregnant People Facing Anti-Fat Bias

by Lee Roosevelt, Sarah Maguire, Akshay Sharma and Ruth Zielinski

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1657; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121657 - 11 Dec 2024

Explicit and implicit anti-fat biases are widespread among healthcare providers, leading to significant negative consequences for pregnant people, including poorer health outcomes. Fear of childbirth (FOC) can affect the length of labor, increase the risk of cesarean delivery, and negatively influence a new [...] Read more.

Explicit and implicit anti-fat biases are widespread among healthcare providers, leading to significant negative consequences for pregnant people, including poorer health outcomes. Fear of childbirth (FOC) can affect the length of labor, increase the risk of cesarean delivery, and negatively influence a new parent’s perception of infant bonding. This study investigated the impact of perceived anti-fat bias on FOC among pregnant people. Data were gathered from 329 pregnant people recruited from three large academic prenatal centers in the United States and via social media. Participants completed a survey that included validated instruments measuring perceptions of anti-fat bias and FOC. Participants perceiving anti-fat bias reported higher FOC. Black participants perceiving anti-fat bias reported higher FOC. These findings suggest that perceived anti-fat bias from providers is associated with FOC for pregnant people, particularly those who identify as Black. Interventions to educate providers on these important concepts could help improve pregnant people’s experience within the healthcare system. Full article

25 pages, 7197 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Malaria Prevention for Pregnant Women and Under-Five Children in 10 Sub-Saharan Africa Countries: Socioeconomic and Temporal Inequality Analysis

by Denis Okova, Akim Tafadzwa Lukwa, Robinson Oyando, Paidamoyo Bodzo, Plaxcedes Chiwire and Olufunke A. Alaba

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1656; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121656 - 11 Dec 2024

Abstract

Background: Malaria remains a public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite gains from strategies like Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs) and Intermittent Preventive Treatment during pregnancy (IPTp), significant socioeconomic inequalities persist, particularly among pregnant women and children under five. This study analyzed [...] Read more.

Background: Malaria remains a public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite gains from strategies like Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs) and Intermittent Preventive Treatment during pregnancy (IPTp), significant socioeconomic inequalities persist, particularly among pregnant women and children under five. This study analyzed temporal and socioeconomic inequalities in malaria prevention in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods: Nationally representative Demographic Health Surveys from 10 SSA countries (Mozambique, Burkina Faso, Tanzania, Côte d’Ivoire, Madagascar Kenya, Rwanda, Nigeria, Uganda, and Cameroon) were used, comparing two time periods. Changes in ITN use by pregnant women and children under five, as well as IPTp coverage, were assessed. Inequalities based on socioeconomic status (SES) and residence were analyzed using the Erreygers Normalized Concentration Index and Theil index. Results: The results revealed significant variability in ITN use and IPTp coverage within countries. Eight countries showed improvements in ITN use during pregnancy, with Nigeria seeing a 173.9% increase over five years. Burkina Faso and Tanzania consistently reported high ITN use (~87%) in children under five. IPTp coverage increased in all countries except Kenya. Decomposition using the Theil index indicated that within-group inequalities, particularly based on SES and residence, were the primary drivers of disparities. Conclusions: To ensure progress toward universal health coverage, malaria prevention programs must prioritize vulnerable populations and be continuously evaluated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socio-Economic Inequalities in Child Health)

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16 pages, 1168 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Workers’ Injury Risks Focusing on Body Parts in Reinforced Concrete Construction Projects

by Jiseon Lim, Jaehong Cho, Jeonghwan Kim and Sanghyeok Kang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1655; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121655 - 11 Dec 2024

Abstract

This study addresses occupational safety in reinforced concrete construction, an area marked by high accident rates and significant worker injury risks. By focusing on activity–body part (A–BP) combinations, this research introduces a novel framework for quantifying injury risks across construction activities. Reinforced concrete [...] Read more.

This study addresses occupational safety in reinforced concrete construction, an area marked by high accident rates and significant worker injury risks. By focusing on activity–body part (A–BP) combinations, this research introduces a novel framework for quantifying injury risks across construction activities. Reinforced concrete construction tasks are categorized into ten specific activities within three major work types: rebar work, formwork, and concrete placement. These are further analyzed concerning six critical body parts frequently injured on-site: head/face, arm/shoulder, wrist/hand, torso, leg/pelvis, and foot/ankle. Using data from 2283 construction accident reports and expert surveys, the probability and severity of injuries for each A–BP element were calculated. Probability scores were derived from actual incident data, while severity scores were determined via expert evaluations, considering injury impact and the required recovery time. To ensure precision and comparability, scores were standardized across scales, enabling a final risk assessment for each A–BP. Results identified that wrist and hand injuries during rebar work activities, particularly cutting and shaping, exhibited the highest risk, underscoring the need for focused protective measures. This study contributes to construction safety management by providing detailed insights into injury risk based on activity–body part interactions, offering safety managers data-driven recommendations for tailored protective equipment, enhanced training, and preventive protocols. This research framework not only helps optimize safety interventions on conventional construction sites but also establishes a basis for future studies aimed at adapting these strategies to evolving construction methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health, Safety, and Wellbeing in the Engineering and Construction Industry)

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21 pages, 2161 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Relationship Between Body, Mind, and Social Characteristics in a Sample of a Training Programs for Developing Social and Personal Resources: A Network Analysis

by Christoph Janka, Maike Höcker and Thomas E. Dorner

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1654; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121654 - 11 Dec 2024

Abstract

In this cross-sectional study, the interactions between demographic characteristics and the body, mind, and social dimensions among participants of a holistic training program for social and personal development were examined and compared to a control group. The sample involved 223 adults from Austria, [...] Read more.

In this cross-sectional study, the interactions between demographic characteristics and the body, mind, and social dimensions among participants of a holistic training program for social and personal development were examined and compared to a control group. The sample involved 223 adults from Austria, Germany, and Switzerland, with 80 (37.2%) participants in the training group already having finished the training. To explore the variable relationships and compare group structures, advanced network analyses and a network comparison test were applied. The network analysis identified the training as a central variable, being linked to aspirations for societal impact and personal growth (0.31), aspirations for the pursuit of fame and wealth (0.29), transcendence (0.19), the desire to improve the quality of relationships (0.19), aspirations for personal wellbeing and relationships (0.15), and the presence of social resources (0.13). The group comparison revealed that the control group primarily connected through the “Sense of Coherence—Meaning in Life” axis, whereas the training group showed more complex linkages involving wellbeing, life satisfaction, meaning in life, and transcendence, underlining the training program’s positive effect on personal growth, societal impact aspirations, and transcendence. Overall, the network comparison test revealed significant differences in network structure and overall connectivity between the training and the control group. Full article

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10 pages, 436 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Heart Rate Variability in Relation to Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy Among Patients at an Urban Hospital in Kazakhstan

by Nazira Bekenova, Tamara Vochshenkova, Alisher Aitkaliyev, Balkenzhe Imankulova, Zhanatgul Turgumbayeva, Balzhan Kassiyeva and Valeriy Benberin

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1653; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121653 - 11 Dec 2024

Abstract

In clinical practice, heart rate variability (HRV) has not been considered an indicator for the preventive assessment of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN). The paper studies HRV in a large, randomly selected group. A cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 5707 Kazakhs aged [...] Read more.

In clinical practice, heart rate variability (HRV) has not been considered an indicator for the preventive assessment of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN). The paper studies HRV in a large, randomly selected group. A cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 5707 Kazakhs aged 20 years and older from a total population of 25,454 attached to an urban clinic in the capital of Kazakhstan. The sample was drawn from individuals who visited the clinic for a preventive examination. CAN diagnosis was confirmed using data from questionnaires, electronic medical records, HRV, and heart rate measurements. Mean values of the standard deviation of normal sinus RR intervals (SDNN) and the root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSDs) from a 24 h electrocardiogram recording were assessed. CAN was identified in 17.19% of the study participants, with a ratio of the subclinical to clinical phase of 1:0.24. Diabetes mellitus was present in 30.99% of patients with CAN. The prevalence of CAN varied by sex and age, aligning with the prevalence trajectory of diabetes. It was concluded that the SDNN and RMSSD parameters in electrocardiographic studies can be used for preventive measures in the context of limited healthcare resources. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Medicine and Community Health)

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17 pages, 520 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ideological Consistency and News Sharing as Predictors of Masking Among College Students

by Adrienne Holz

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1652; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121652 - 11 Dec 2024

Viewed by 135

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended the use of well-fitting face masks or respirators as a strategy to reduce respiratory transmission; however, acceptance and utilization of face masks quickly became a contentious, politically charged [...] Read more.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended the use of well-fitting face masks or respirators as a strategy to reduce respiratory transmission; however, acceptance and utilization of face masks quickly became a contentious, politically charged matter. Given the effectiveness of masking against respiratory viruses, it is critical to understand the various normative factors and personal values associated with mask wearing. To this end, this study reports the findings of an online, cross-sectional survey (n = 1231) of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings show that ideological consistency, sharing news to create awareness, and sharing unverified news significantly predict masking behaviors, though ideological consistency most substantially explained variance in self-reported masking behaviors. Participants with more liberal political ideologies reported greater adherence to masking policies while those with more conservative ideologies reported less mask-wearing behavior. A better understanding of the predictors of masking behaviors, particularly how political ideologies continue to shape public health responses, is essential for designing more effective communication strategies to control disease spread and help inform strategies for future outbreaks. Study implications and limitations are discussed. Full article

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22 pages, 1917 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Consensus in Action: Context-Specific Physical Activity Guidelines for Undergraduate Students at a South African University

by Chanté Johannes, Nicolette V. Roman, Sunday O. Onagbiye, Simone Titus and Lloyd L. Leach

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1651; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121651 (registering DOI) - 10 Dec 2024

Viewed by 216

Abstract

Physical inactivity among undergraduate university students has been considered a public health concern. To address this, researchers have utilized consensus workshop approaches to develop effective physical activity (PA) recommendations. However, the existing research has limitations: it is outdated, not context-specific to young adults, [...] Read more.

Physical inactivity among undergraduate university students has been considered a public health concern. To address this, researchers have utilized consensus workshop approaches to develop effective physical activity (PA) recommendations. However, the existing research has limitations: it is outdated, not context-specific to young adults, and does not account for psychosocial factors (such as mental health, motivation, and social support) that hinder or promote PA behavior, particularly in South Africa. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to engage with stakeholders to achieve a consensus on a set of context-specific guidelines to enhance the physical activities of undergraduate university students. Utilizing the Social Ecological Model, this study employed two online consensus workshops with 25 purposively selected stakeholders (Round 1 = 8 and Round 2 = 17). Stakeholders were divided into breakout rooms via the Google Meets feature, to discuss and brainstorm the guidelines, expressing their agreement or disagreement with the proposed names and descriptions. The consensus was considered achieved when the majority of stakeholder responses fell into the ‘Agree with the guideline’ category. An inductive thematic analysis approach was used to generate common themes, which were then coded via Atlas Ti. V8. Stakeholders reached a consensus on four categories and 32 guidelines, namely, PA (9 guidelines), mental health (7 guidelines), motivation (9 guidelines), and social support (7 guidelines). Each category, along with its respective set of guidelines, provides insights into the type of information undergraduate students require to enhance their PA participation. Using a consensus workshop facilitated the co-creation of context-specific guidelines to enhance the physical activities of undergraduate university students. This approach proved to be a valuable tool for fostering collaboration between academic staff and students. Full article

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9 pages, 274 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

The Intersection of Personality Dimensions with Stress Relief Strategies in Adolescence: An Experimental Study

by Jeroen Pronk, Iris Eekhout, Katharina Preuhs, Olmo van der Mast, Renate van Zoonen and Symone B. Detmar

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1650; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121650 - 10 Dec 2024

Viewed by 186

Abstract

Stress is becoming more prevalent among adolescents and negatively impacts their health and development. It is, therefore, pivotal to increase our knowledge about potential (personalized) healthy stress relief strategies for adolescents. This study investigated individual personality differences (i.e., behavioral inhibition versus behavioral activation) [...] Read more.

Stress is becoming more prevalent among adolescents and negatively impacts their health and development. It is, therefore, pivotal to increase our knowledge about potential (personalized) healthy stress relief strategies for adolescents. This study investigated individual personality differences (i.e., behavioral inhibition versus behavioral activation) in adolescents’ preference for, and the effectiveness of, physical or mental exercise to relieve stress. A sample of 208 adolescents (12 to 18 years) were recruited during a science and education student festival in the Netherlands. For ethical reasons, no personally identifiable information could be collected. Surveys were used to assess personality and preferences at baseline and subjective stress at baseline, after stress induction with the Sing-a-Song Stress Test, and after stress relief through physical or mental exercise. The results from multivariate regression analyses indicate that personality did not significantly influence adolescents’ preference for, or benefit from, physical or mental exercise for stress relief. Both types of exercise significantly reduced experienced stress, but the effect was stronger when adolescents performed their activity of choice. The findings suggest that pre- and intervention efforts for adolescents’ stress-related health problems are better directed at offering a range of effective free-choice stress relief activities than on personalized stress-relief methods. Full article

23 pages, 6734 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on the Battery Recycling Process and Risk Estimation

by Taeho Kim, Cheolhee Yoon and Seungho Jung

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1649; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121649 - 10 Dec 2024

Viewed by 182

Abstract

The demand for the use of secondary batteries is increasing rapidly worldwide in order to solve global warming and achieve carbon neutrality. Major minerals used to produce cathode materials, which are key raw materials for secondary batteries, are treated as conflict minerals due [...] Read more.

The demand for the use of secondary batteries is increasing rapidly worldwide in order to solve global warming and achieve carbon neutrality. Major minerals used to produce cathode materials, which are key raw materials for secondary batteries, are treated as conflict minerals due to their limited reserves, and accordingly, research on the battery recycling industry is urgent for the sustainable secondary battery industry. There is a significant risk of accidents because there is a lack of prior research data on the battery recycling process and various chemicals are used in the entire recycling process. Therefore, for the safety management of related industries, it is necessary to clearly grasp the battery recycling process and to estimate the risk accordingly. In this study, the process was generalized using the information on the battery recycling process suggested in the preceding literature. And to estimate the relative risk of each battery recycling process, the RAC (Risk Assessment Code) matrix described in the US Department of Defense’s “MIL-STD-882E” was used. Severity was derived by using “NFPA 704”, and probability was derived by combining generalized event analysis for each process and the WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) report. The results confirmed that the process using H₂SO₄ had the highest risk when extracting Li during the leaching process, and that dismantling and heat treatment had the lowest risk. Using the probability factor for each process calculated through the research, it is expected to be used in future battery recycling process research as basic data for quantitative risk assessment of the battery recycling process. Full article

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11 pages, 474 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Variations in Cycling Distances by Trip Purpose and Socio-Demographic Attributes: Implications for Spatial Scales to Assess Environmental Correlates of Cycling

by Firas Mohamed, Manoj Chandrabose, Abdur Rahim Mohammad Forkan, Neville Owen and Takemi Sugiyama

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1648; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121648 - 10 Dec 2024

Viewed by 307

Abstract

To better understand environmental attributes associated with cycling, it is necessary to identify an area within which such attributes are measured. Various sizes of a “buffer” drawn from home have been used for this purpose. The distances adults cycle to/from their homes may [...] Read more.

To better understand environmental attributes associated with cycling, it is necessary to identify an area within which such attributes are measured. Various sizes of a “buffer” drawn from home have been used for this purpose. The distances adults cycle to/from their homes may inform the determination of empirically supported buffer sizes. We examined the distribution of cycling distances using Australian travel survey data collected between 2012 and 2020. We used a Random Forest model to identify the relative importance of factors influencing participant’s cycling distance and then reported variations in cycling distances by the most important factors. Of the 73,142 survey participants who were aged between 20 and 74 and reported at least one trip on the survey day, 1676 (67% men) reported 3446 home-based cycling trips, with a median distance of 3.5 km. The most important factor was trip purpose, followed by gender. The median distances were 1.8 km for utilitarian, 5.3 km for commuting and 3.7 km for recreational cycling trips. Men cycled longer distances than women, particularly for commuting and recreational cycling. The significant variation in cycling distance by trip purpose implies the need for having purpose-specific spatial scales in identifying environmental attributes associated with cycling more accurately. Full article

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9 pages, 304 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Likes and Sexist Attitudes on Adolescent Self-Esteem in Social Networks

by Yéxica Flores Valdés, Antonio Daniel García-Rojas, Angel Hernando Gómez and Javier del Rio Olvera

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1647; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121647 - 10 Dec 2024

Viewed by 252

Abstract

The Internet allows teenagers to express their identity through the publication of images and texts on social networks, but sometimes they may develop self-esteem problems as a result. The present study analyzed self-esteem levels, and their relationship with sexism, Internet use and the [...] Read more.

The Internet allows teenagers to express their identity through the publication of images and texts on social networks, but sometimes they may develop self-esteem problems as a result. The present study analyzed self-esteem levels, and their relationship with sexism, Internet use and the influence of likes, in 309 subjects, by asking them about Internet use, social networks, self-esteem and sexism. The results showed low levels of self-esteem, although boys scored higher on the overall scale and for hostile sexism. Similarly, those with higher percentages of low self-esteem showed higher scores for benevolent sexism. It can be concluded that the use of social networks and the Internet, in relation to sexist attitudes, influences adolescents’ self-esteem and social construction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Health Promotion in Young People)

25 pages, 2906 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Does the Context Shape the Technical Support from the Provincial Health Administration to District Health Management Teams in the Democratic Republic of Congo? A Realist Evaluation

by Samuel Bosongo, Zakaria Belrhiti, Faustin Chenge, Bart Criel, Bruno Marchal and Yves Coppieters

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1646; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121646 - 10 Dec 2024

Viewed by 330

Abstract

Since 2014, the health sector in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has been undergoing reforms aimed at strengthening the Provincial Health Administration (PHA) to better support health district development through technical support to district health management teams (DHMTs). However, there is limited [...] Read more.

Since 2014, the health sector in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has been undergoing reforms aimed at strengthening the Provincial Health Administration (PHA) to better support health district development through technical support to district health management teams (DHMTs). However, there is limited understanding of how, for whom, and under what conditions this support works. Using a realist evaluation approach, this study aimed to test an initial program theory of technical support to DHMTs by PHA staff in Kasai Central Province. Data were collected from document reviews, interviews, questionnaires, and routine health information systems. After thematically analysing the implementation, context, actors, mechanisms, and outcomes, we applied retroductive reasoning to connect these elements using the Intervention–Context–Actors–Mechanisms–Outcomes configurations (ICAMOcs) heuristic. We identified nine ICAMOcs showing how resource constraints and political and organisational challenges hindered the effective delivery of technical support. These challenges triggered disabling mechanisms, such as low motivation, self-efficacy, a sense of accountability, psychological safety, reflexivity, the perceived relevance of support, the perceived credibility of PHA staff, and perceived autonomy, resulting in mixed outcomes. The performance-based financing scheme helped mitigate some issues by providing resources and boosting extrinsic motivation, but concerns persist about its sustainability due to reliance on external funding. These findings highlight the need for strong political commitment and coordinated efforts to address these challenges. Full article

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16 pages, 1709 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of a Pilot College Student-Based Physical Activity Implementation Strategy in a Rural Middle School

by Megan M. Kwaiser, Andrew M. Medellin, Janette M. Watkins, Janelle M. Goss, James M. Hobson, Vanessa M. Martinez Kercher and Kyle A. Kercher

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1645; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121645 - 10 Dec 2024

Viewed by 273

Abstract

Background: Physical inactivity in the U.S. poses a significant risk of developing chronic health factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Children from rural communities are especially vulnerable to inactivity. The Hoosier Sport program aims to address this by working to increase physical activity in [...] Read more.

Background: Physical inactivity in the U.S. poses a significant risk of developing chronic health factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Children from rural communities are especially vulnerable to inactivity. The Hoosier Sport program aims to address this by working to increase physical activity in 6th and 7th grade students in a rural Indiana middle school. Hoosier Sport uses sport participation coupled with health education delivered by college-service learning students to establish healthy behaviors that children can sustain throughout their life. The purpose of this prospective longitudinal study was to evaluate the implementation of Hoosier Sport in a rural middle school, using a multi-component evaluation approach. Methods: This prospective program evaluation study utilized The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to assess feasibility outcomes such as recruitment, retention, fidelity, attendance, acceptability, and cost. CFIR was incorporated through surveys completed by Hoosier Sport team members to identify facilitators and barriers. Fidelity was measured using SOSPAN and SOFIT tools. SOSPAN (System for Observation of Staff Promotion of Activity and Nutrition) monitored staff interactions with children during physical education classes. SOFIT (System of Observing Fitness Instruction Time) evaluated the duration and type of activities in each lesson context. For our descriptive analysis, we calculated means and standard deviation for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables. Results: All feasibility measures met or exceeded the a priori threshold, indicating high success. Fidelity was high among college student implementers and child participants. SOSPAN showed that staff did not use physical activity as punishment, engaged in physical activity 62.5% of the time, provided verbal encouragement 87.5% of the time, and used elimination games only 2.5% of the time. SOFIT revealed significant promotion of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, with 94% during the 4-week strength training intervention and 95% during the 4-week basketball intervention. The barrier buster tool identified general agreement with most statements, indicating promising system-level acceptability. Conclusion: The study results demonstrate successful feasibility, high fidelity, and promising system-level acceptability. These findings underscore the importance of continued refinement and repeated evaluation of the program in alignment with the ORBIT model. The use of college student implementers presents a sustainable model that benefits all participants involved. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Benefits of Physical Activity in Developmental Age: Improve Psychological Wellbeing and Reduce Diseases Risk in Life Span)

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14 pages, 884 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Concurrent Experience of Self-Reported Mental Health Symptoms and Problematic Substance Use During the First Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Canadian Adults: Evidence from a Repeated Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey

by Md Sabbir Ahmed, Mary Bartram, Robert Gabrys, Mansfield Mela and Nazeem Muhajarine

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1644; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121644 - 10 Dec 2024

Viewed by 371

Abstract

This study was aimed at identifying the prevalence of concurrent experience, poor mental health and problematic substance use, and its associated factors, among Canadian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. A nationwide repeated cross-sectional sample of 14,897 Canadian adults (quota-sampled, weighted) were recruited on [...] Read more.

This study was aimed at identifying the prevalence of concurrent experience, poor mental health and problematic substance use, and its associated factors, among Canadian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. A nationwide repeated cross-sectional sample of 14,897 Canadian adults (quota-sampled, weighted) were recruited on ten occasions between October 2020 and March 2022 using online panels. Concurrent experience was defined as mild to severe symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and/or anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) AND meeting screening criteria for problematic cannabis (Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test-Revised) and/or problematic alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test). Multivariable binary logistic regression models were fitted to identify the associated factors of concurrent experience using Stata v14.2 SE software. The pooled prevalence of concurrent experience was 17.12%, and 45.54% of the participants reported at least one experience (mental health symptoms or problematic substance use). The highest prevalence of concurrent experience per province was reported in Saskatchewan (19.4%) and the lowest in Quebec (13.6%). Younger adults, male respondents, those identifying as 2SLGBTQ+, self-reporting ethnocultural minority status, diagnostic history of mental health and substance use disorder, suicidal ideation, and lower ability to handle unexpected/difficult situations were significantly associated with concurrent experience during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. This analysis showed that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted mental health and substance use in interrelated ways. Data-driven province-specific interventions might be helpful toward a client-centered and integrated mental health and substance use care system in Canada. Full article

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19 pages, 846 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The First Use of the Washington Group Short Set in a National Survey of Japan: Characteristics of the New Disability Measure in Comparison to an Existing Disability Measure

by Takashi Saito, Kumiko Imahashi and Chikako Yamaki

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1643; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121643 - 10 Dec 2024

Viewed by 227

Abstract

A Japanese national representative survey—the comprehensive survey of living conditions (CSLC)—included the Washington Group Short Set (WGSS) in 2022. This study aimed to characterize the WGSS in comparison to an existing disability measure (EDM), regarding the difference between disability prevalence defined by these [...] Read more.

A Japanese national representative survey—the comprehensive survey of living conditions (CSLC)—included the Washington Group Short Set (WGSS) in 2022. This study aimed to characterize the WGSS in comparison to an existing disability measure (EDM), regarding the difference between disability prevalence defined by these two measures and the factors attributable to disagreements between them. A cross-sectional analysis using secondary data from the CSLC (n = 32,212) was conducted. The disability prevalences and their ratios (WGSS to EDM) were computed overall and by demographic sub-groups. Binomial logistic regression analyses were performed to explore factors relating to disagreements that functioned to relatively lower/increase the prevalence defined by the WGSS. Consequently, the prevalences defined by the WGSS and EDM were 10.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 10.4–11.1) and 13.1% (95%CI: 12.7–13.5), respectively. The ratios by the sub-groups were around 0.80–0.90, with the exception of the age-defined sub-group, whose ratios were 0.63 (older sub-group) to 1.23 (child sub-group). Age was the only independent factor associated with two types of disagreements: older age (odds ratios: 1.23–1.80) was associated with disagreement functioning to relatively lower the prevalence defined by the WGSS, and similarly, younger age (ORs: 1.42–2.79) increased the figure. The WGSS may be characterized as being less susceptible to the influence of aging compared to the EDM. Full article

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8 pages, 230 KiB

Open AccessConference Report

AI in Biomedicine—A Forward-Looking Perspective on Health Equity

by Deepak Kumar, Bradley A. Malin, Jamboor K. Vishwanatha, Lang Wu and Jerris R. Hedges

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1642; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121642 - 10 Dec 2024

Viewed by 182

Abstract

As new artificial intelligence (AI) tools are being developed and as AI continues to revolutionize healthcare, its potential to advance health equity is increasingly recognized. The 2024 Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Consortium National Conference session titled “Artificial Intelligence: Safely, Ethically, and [...] Read more.

As new artificial intelligence (AI) tools are being developed and as AI continues to revolutionize healthcare, its potential to advance health equity is increasingly recognized. The 2024 Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Consortium National Conference session titled “Artificial Intelligence: Safely, Ethically, and Responsibly” brought together experts from diverse institutions to explore AI’s role and challenges in advancing health equity. This report summarizes presentations and discussions from the conference focused on AI’s potential and its challenges, particularly algorithmic bias, transparency, and the under-representation of minority groups in AI datasets. Key topics included AI’s predictive and generative capabilities in healthcare, ethical governance, and key national initiatives, like AIM-AHEAD. The session highlighted the critical role of RCMI institutions in fostering diverse AI/machine learning research and in developing culturally competent AI tools. Other discussions included AI’s capacity to improve patient outcomes, especially for underserved communities, and underscored the necessity for robust ethical standards, a diverse AI and scientific workforce, transparency, and inclusive data practices. The engagement of RCMI institutions is critical to ensure practices in AI development and deployment which prioritize health equity, thus paving the way for a more inclusive AI-driven healthcare system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Proceedings of the 2024 Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Consortium National Conference)

16 pages, 2968 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Toxic Legacy of Nickel Production and Its Impact on Environmental Health: A Case Study

by Jana Levická and Monika Orliková

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1641; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121641 - 10 Dec 2024

Viewed by 407

Abstract

Nickel is a chemical element that occurs naturally in soil, water, air, plants, and therefore also in food and other living organisms. However, anthropogenic activities related to the production and processing of nickel can cause its increased concentration in the environment, which is [...] Read more.

Nickel is a chemical element that occurs naturally in soil, water, air, plants, and therefore also in food and other living organisms. However, anthropogenic activities related to the production and processing of nickel can cause its increased concentration in the environment, which is a risk to wildlife and thus to human health. Nickel and its compounds are currently considered immunotoxic and carcinogenic agents that cause a number of health problems. The study examines this problem in the context of the environmental paradigm, which emphasizes the importance of political–economic and socio-economic factors that can seriously affect environmental health. The aim of the study is to draw attention to the economic–political implications of not addressing the environmental burden caused by nickel production and landfilling of waste from this production in Slovakia. The uniqueness of the study is that it reflects the negative impacts of nickel on health in a human–legal context that is characteristic of social work. The study proposes a conceptual model, the verification of which requires further research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Health)

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15 pages, 1165 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gender Differences in Whether and How Perceived Inequality Hampers Self-Rated Health and Mental Health: Evidence from the Chinese General Social Survey and a Randomized Experiment in China

by Jacqueline Chen Chen, Chenling Yu and Jianhua Zhu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1640; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121640 - 10 Dec 2024

Viewed by 298

Abstract

A substantial body of research has explored the relationship between inequality and health, yet little is known about the gender-specific effects and pathways through which inequality affects health outcomes. This study focuses on China, a country characterized by high income inequality and uneven [...] Read more.

A substantial body of research has explored the relationship between inequality and health, yet little is known about the gender-specific effects and pathways through which inequality affects health outcomes. This study focuses on China, a country characterized by high income inequality and uneven health distribution across social groups. In Study 1, repeated nationally representative cross-sectional data from the Chinese General Social Survey is utilized (N = 3798 for 2017, N = 1578 for 2015, and N = 2827 for 2008), revealing that perceived inequality negatively affects self-rated health, particularly among women. The high level of perceived economic inequality substantially contributes to the gender health gap in China. Study 2 employs a randomized experiment (N = 3568) to show that perceived inequality affects the health of women and men differently, that is, social mobility framing accounts for the negative effect on women’s mental well-being, whereas reducing status anxiety mainly benefits men’s mental health. To advance research on economic inequality and health, this study investigates gender differences in whether and how perceived inequality affects health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Gender Inequality and Women's Health)

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17 pages, 322 KiB

Open AccessProject Report

Cultivating Health in All Policies Mindsets: An Ongoing Journey to Integrate Health and Housing in Georgia

by James E. Dills, Margaret E. Major, Michelle J. Marcus, Taylor S. Williams and Leigh Alderman

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1639; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121639 - 10 Dec 2024

Viewed by 291

Abstract

This project report explores the use of a Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach by the Georgia Health Policy Center (GHPC) to integrate health perspectives into affordable housing policy and practice in Georgia. It focuses on five interconnected projects from over a decade-long [...] Read more.

This project report explores the use of a Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach by the Georgia Health Policy Center (GHPC) to integrate health perspectives into affordable housing policy and practice in Georgia. It focuses on five interconnected projects from over a decade-long collaboration to illustrate how the GHPC team started with a Health Impact Assessment (HIA) to seed cross-sector partnerships and then sustained them through subsequent collaborations. These projects included comprehensive-, intermediate-, and rapid-scale HIAs, as well as direct collaborations on housing development funding applications and a multidisciplinary research study on public housing renovations. This paper documents how HiAP tactics were applied across these projects to foster sustained collaboration and promote health equity. The insights offered highlight how the HiAP approach cultivated mindset shifts among public health practitioners, housing stakeholders, and policymakers, leading to a broader understanding of health and housing intersections. This synthesis contributes practical guidance for practitioners looking to advance the Vital Conditions for Health and Well-Being through housing policy initiatives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Built Environment and Public Health: Land Use, Neighborhoods, and Housing)

22 pages, 4330 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing the Polarising Impacts of Low-Traffic Neighbourhoods: A Community Perspective from Birmingham, UK

by Isabelle Whelan, Carlo Luiu and Francis D. Pope

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1638; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121638 - 9 Dec 2024

Viewed by 653

Abstract

Globally, the transport sector is a major contributor to air pollution. Currently, in the UK, vehicle emissions contribute significant amounts of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) pollution in urban areas. Low-emission-zone policies have been used as an intervention to tackle air [...] Read more.

Globally, the transport sector is a major contributor to air pollution. Currently, in the UK, vehicle emissions contribute significant amounts of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) pollution in urban areas. Low-emission-zone policies have been used as an intervention to tackle air pollution, and in this context, the UK launched the Low-Traffic Neighbourhood scheme. This study investigates the impacts of the Low-Traffic Neighbourhood in Kings Heath, Birmingham, UK, to evaluate its impact in reducing air pollution and local community perspectives about the scheme and perceived impacts on health and well-being. This study employs a mixed-method approach comprising an air-quality-monitoring assessment and a survey questionnaire involving 210 residents. The findings reveal an increase in active travel and a reduction in air pollution levels in the years after the implementation of the scheme, although the area is still non-compliant with the 2021 WHO air quality guidelines. Nonetheless, the scheme has a polarising effect and created a division within the local community about the overall scheme acceptance and spatial distribution of the scheme’s benefits. This study underscores the importance of comprehensive baseline data, long-term community engagement, and integration with broader urban planning initiatives to enhance the success of future Low-Neighbourhood Traffic schemes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Health)

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13 pages, 321 KiB

Open AccessArticle

What’s the Matter? Alcohol Use Risk Among Relatives of People with Mental Illness

by Suzanne A. McKeag, Gordon L. Flett and Joel O. Goldberg

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1637; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121637 - 9 Dec 2024

Viewed by 357

Abstract

Family members who live with relatives with serious mental illness face unique mental health risks, which become worse with alcohol use and without social support. Research has highlighted the damaging effects of harmful substance use among people who feel like they do not [...] Read more.

Family members who live with relatives with serious mental illness face unique mental health risks, which become worse with alcohol use and without social support. Research has highlighted the damaging effects of harmful substance use among people who feel like they do not matter to others, but few studies have assessed links between mattering and alcohol use within marginalized populations. In the present study, a sample of family members who reside with a relative with mental illness completed an online survey. Using the AUDIT alcohol screening measure, participants were classified into a No–Low Risk Alcohol Use (n = 52) or a Hazardous Drinking (n = 28) group. Hazardous alcohol use was alarmingly high, reaching triple the rate of the general population and categorized at the most severe level of harm. Those who drank hazardously felt like they mattered less to others (p < 0.001), felt like they mattered less to their relative with mental illness (p = 0.035), had greater anti-mattering (e.g., they felt invisible and unheard) (p = 0.008), experienced more hopelessness (p < 0.001), felt less supported by significant others (p = 0.003), endorsed having more problems with mental health services (p = 0.017), had higher stigma (p < 0.001), and had lower psychological well-being (p < 0.001). Findings highlight under-recognized public health risks, implications for public health initiatives, and the need for tailored interventions that boost mattering and reduce harmful alcohol use in this vulnerable family member population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alcohol Use in Disadvantaged Populations: Health Equalities and Appropriate Intervention)

5 pages, 2780 KiB

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: Duan, Y.; Li, S. Effects of Plant Communities on Human Physiological Recovery and Emotional Reactions: A Comparative Onsite Survey and Photo Elicitation Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 721

by Yifan Duan and Shuhua Li

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1636; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121636 - 9 Dec 2024

Viewed by 232

Abstract

In the original publication [...] Full article

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13 pages, 767 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Impact of Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Shigella in Diarrheal Infections in Central Africa (1998–2022): A Systematic Review

by Ornella Zong Minko, Rolande Mabika Mabika, Rachel Moyen, Franck Mounioko, Léonce Fauster Ondjiangui and Jean Fabrice Yala

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1635; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121635 - 8 Dec 2024

Viewed by 515

Abstract

Background: Gastric diseases caused, in particular, by Campylobacter, non-typhoidal Salmonella, and Shigella resulting from food and/or water problems, are a disproportionately distributed burden in developing countries in Central Africa. The aim of this work was to compile a list of studies [...] Read more.

Background: Gastric diseases caused, in particular, by Campylobacter, non-typhoidal Salmonella, and Shigella resulting from food and/or water problems, are a disproportionately distributed burden in developing countries in Central Africa. The aim of this work was to compile a list of studies establishing the prevalence of the involvement of these bacterial genera in diarrheal syndromes in Central Africa from 1998 to 2022. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Articles for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, six (6) database (Pubmed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, Freefullpdf, and Scinapse) were perused for research on the role of Campylobacter, Salmonella and Shigella diarrheal infections in humans and animals, in 9 country of Central Africa over from 1998 to 2022. Results: Seventeen articles were selected, including 16 on humans and one on animals. These data were recorded in 6 of the 9 countries of Central Africa, including Gabon (5), Angola (3), Cameroon (3), the Democratic Republic of Congo (3), Chad (2), and the Central African Republic (1). Mono-infections with Salmonella spp. were the most predominant (55.56%, n = 5/9), followed by an equal proportion of Campylobacter spp. and Shigella spp. with 44.44% (4/9), respectively and, co-infections with Campylobacter/Salmonella spp. and Salmonella/Shigella spp. with a prevalence of 11.11% (1/9) respectively. The most used diagnostic tool was conventional culture (82.35%) against 17.65% for PCR or real-time PCR. Conclusion: Despite the paucity of recorded data on the prevalence of diarrheal infections due to Campylobacter in this sub-region, it is crucial that scientific studies focus on the diagnosis and monitoring of this zoonotic bacterium. Also, improved diagnosis will necessarily involve the integration of molecular tools in the diagnosis of these diarrheic syndromes in both humans and animals. Full article

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11 pages, 2340 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Raising Awareness for Sustainable Faecal Treatment Using Augmented Reality

by Yurina Otaki, Hidehito Honda, Yutaro Onuki, Gen Shinohara, Masahiro Otaki and Tushara Chaminda

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1634; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121634 - 8 Dec 2024

Viewed by 368

Abstract

Pit latrines—the simplest on-site sanitation system—have been extensively used in developing countries in Asia for a long time. However, pit latrines are pollution and health risk hotspots that can cause widespread contamination. It is preferable to upgrade them to septic tanks, which are [...] Read more.

Pit latrines—the simplest on-site sanitation system—have been extensively used in developing countries in Asia for a long time. However, pit latrines are pollution and health risk hotspots that can cause widespread contamination. It is preferable to upgrade them to septic tanks, which are more advanced, effective, and simple alternatives. This study encourages the transition from pit latrines to septic tanks by making people aware of the health and environmental risks associated with the use of pit latrines. As decisions about sanitation technologies are mostly made by individual households, it is important to find communication tools for the average household to understand the basic information to make informed decisions. To this end, this study used augmented reality as a communication tool. A survey was conducted with Sri Lankan households that use pit latrines, and experiments were carried out in a university laboratory in Japan. The use of augmented reality increased people’s understanding of the environmental and health risks of pit latrines. This understanding was retained for some time because people found the use of augmented reality ‘enjoyable’. Hence, our findings contribute to the promotion of the transition from pit latrines to septic tanks in low- and middle-income countries. Full article

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11 pages, 986 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Potential for Lifestyle Intervention Among Patients Undergoing Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour Based on Patient Needs Including Smoking and Other Risky Lifestyle Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Line Noes Lydom, Susanne Vahr Lauridsen, Ulla Nordström Joensen and Hanne Tønnesen

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1633; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121633 - 8 Dec 2024

Viewed by 330

Abstract

Bladder cancer is the tenth most common cancer worldwide, with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) accounting for 75% of cases. Transurethral resection of bladder tumours (TURBT) is the standard treatment, but it is associated with significant risks of complications and recurrence. Risky lifestyle [...] Read more.

Bladder cancer is the tenth most common cancer worldwide, with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) accounting for 75% of cases. Transurethral resection of bladder tumours (TURBT) is the standard treatment, but it is associated with significant risks of complications and recurrence. Risky lifestyle factors, including smoking, malnutrition, obesity, risky alcohol use, and physical inactivity (collectively termed SNAP factors), may worsen surgical outcomes and increase cancer recurrence. Prehabilitation programmes targeting these modifiable risk factors could improve patient outcomes. This cross-sectional study assessed 100 TURBT patients at a Danish university hospital to determine the prevalence of SNAP factors and the potential for lifestyle interventions. Data were collected via structured interviews, and intervention scenarios were projected based on efficacy rates of 5–100%. In total, 58% of patients had at least one risky SNAP factor, with smoking (29%) being the most prevalent, followed by physical inactivity (19%) and risky alcohol use (18%). Obesity (7%) and malnutrition (8%) were less common. Seventeen percent had multiple SNAP factors. No significant demographic indicators were associated with the presence of SNAP factors. TURBT patients with NMIBC show a high prevalence of risky lifestyle factors, including smoking and obesity, with over half affected. Systematic screening and targeted interventions could significantly improve patient outcomes and long-term health. Full article

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18 pages, 293 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploratory Qualitative Study to Investigate Factors Influencing Men’s Utilization of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Kwa-Zulu Natal

by Mpumelelo Nyalela and Thembelihle Patricia Dlungwane

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1632; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121632 - 8 Dec 2024

Viewed by 350

Abstract

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is essential for men’s health, but a large body of research has indicated that the underutilization of most SRH services by men is a persistent issue that needs to be addressed. Men’s reluctance to access sexual and reproductive [...] Read more.

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is essential for men’s health, but a large body of research has indicated that the underutilization of most SRH services by men is a persistent issue that needs to be addressed. Men’s reluctance to access sexual and reproductive health services is one of the factors that leads to high morbidity and mortality rates among men, although their diseases may have been prevented or cured. This study aimed to explore factors that influence the decision of men who resided in men’s hostels and who accessed urology clinics in KwaZulu-Natal to seek help for their sexual and reproductive health issues. An exploratory qualitative approach was adopted using focus group discussions. We interviewed seventy-two men of ages above 15 years. The data were analyzed thematically. The Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (BREC) of UKZN granted ethical clearance (BE 347/19). Of the 72 interviewed men, thirty-three men attended urology clinics in the selected hospitals, and thirty-nine men resided in the hostels around Durban in KZN. Seven themes (lack of awareness of SRH services; participants’ reluctance to access SRH services; influence of culture and religion; lack of financial resources; influence of relationship dynamics; perceived low risk of individual sexual behaviors; and healthcare factors that discourage men from accessing SRH services) emerged from the data that were identified as barriers to SRH service utilization by men, whilst three themes (healthcare enabling factors; access to general information on SRH services; and personal motivational factors) emerged as factors that encouraged the participants to access these services. The participants’ reluctance to access SRH services was attributed to the lack of awareness of available SRH services, the influence of culture and religion, lack of financial resources, relationship dynamics, the perceived low risk of sexual behaviors for individuals, and healthcare workers’ negative attitude towards men requiring SRH services. The availability of healthcare resources, the appointment of more male healthcare workers, and more positive attitudes among healthcare workers will encourage men to utilize SRH services. The exposure of various barriers to SRH service utilization by this investigation warrants urgent attention from the government to impart knowledge about this phenomenon to men. Full article

15 pages, 1827 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preventing Adolescent Suicide: Feasibility and Preliminary Outcome Evaluation of a Theatre-Based Gatekeeper Training for Teachers

by Chiara Davico, Federica Graziano, Alessandra Rossi Ghiglione, Federico Amianto, Tatiana Begotti, Emanuela Calandri, Giorgia Copetto, Francesca Di Franco, Elena Lonardelli, Daniele Marcotulli, Linda Olcuire, Federica Ricci and Benedetto Vitiello

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1631; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121631 - 7 Dec 2024

Viewed by 379

Abstract

Improving teachers’ knowledge and skills in dealing with adolescent suicidality may be important for prevention. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a theatre-based gatekeeper teacher training for adolescent suicide prevention (SPES project). Self-reported changes in knowledge and self-efficacy were also investigated. Based [...] Read more.

Improving teachers’ knowledge and skills in dealing with adolescent suicidality may be important for prevention. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a theatre-based gatekeeper teacher training for adolescent suicide prevention (SPES project). Self-reported changes in knowledge and self-efficacy were also investigated. Based on a quasi-experimental repeated measures design, secondary schools were invited to participate in one of two intervention groups (theatre workshop or attending a theatre performance) or a control group (no intervention). Assessments were conducted prior to the intervention, shortly following it and 3 months later. Attendance and retention were indicators of feasibility. Knowledge and self-efficacy were assessed longitudinally using anonymous questionnaires. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models. 191 teachers (84.3% women; Mage = 46.8, SD = 9.8) participated in the study (63 workshop, 66 performance and 62 control group). Attendance was 92% in the workshop group and 94% in the performance group. The retention rate after three months was 51% in the workshop group and 53% in the performance group. Teachers in both groups reported greater knowledge of adolescent suicide (p < 0.001) and higher gatekeeper self-efficacy (p < 0.05) than the control group. The SPES project was found to be feasible and acceptable. Both the workshop and the performance viewing may improve teachers’ knowledge and self-efficacy in recognizing signs of suicide risk in adolescents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Depression and Suicide: Current Perspectives)

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14 pages, 1257 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Reciprocal Effects of Prosociality, Peer Support and Psychological Well-Being in Adolescence: A Four-Wave Longitudinal Study

by Gaetana Affuso, Nicola Picone, Grazia De Angelis, Mirella Dragone, Concetta Esposito, Maddalena Pannone, Anna Zannone and Dario Bacchini

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1630; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121630 - 7 Dec 2024

Viewed by 461

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the reciprocal effects between prosociality, peer support and psychological well-being using a four-wave longitudinal study and a within-person analytical approach (random intercept cross-lagged panel model, RI-CLPM). A sample of 587 adolescents (males = 308; M [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to analyze the reciprocal effects between prosociality, peer support and psychological well-being using a four-wave longitudinal study and a within-person analytical approach (random intercept cross-lagged panel model, RI-CLPM). A sample of 587 adolescents (males = 308; M_age = 14.23, SD = 0.58) enrolled in the first year of high school (9th grade) were recruited and followed over four years from 2016 (Time 1 [T1]) to 2019 (Time 4 [T4]). Once a year, they filled in a questionnaire measuring prosociality, peer support, and psychological well-being. The results from the RI-CLPM revealed that, at the between-person level, prosociality, peer support and psychological well-being were all positively associated. Conversely, at the within-person level and at all survey points, only psychological well-being positively predicted prosociality one year later. Specifically, we found that adolescents with higher levels of psychological well-being were more likely to show a tendency for prosocial behaviors over time. Promoting interventions aimed at enhancing psychological well-being may make adolescents more likely to engage in positive behaviors, such as prosocial ones, in a variety of contexts, thereby creating favorable social environments. Full article

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12 pages, 287 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Social Media Influencers, Health Literacy, and Food Literacy: A Correlational Study Among Adolescents

by Lies Sercu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1629; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121629 - 6 Dec 2024

Viewed by 489

Abstract

Social media influencers (SMIs) have emerged as a significant alternative source of health-related information for adolescents, apart from their parents, doctors, and schools. It is yet to be determined whether adolescents’ use of social media influencers leads to a deterioration or an improvement [...] Read more.

Social media influencers (SMIs) have emerged as a significant alternative source of health-related information for adolescents, apart from their parents, doctors, and schools. It is yet to be determined whether adolescents’ use of social media influencers leads to a deterioration or an improvement of their overall health literacy and food literacy. This study (N = 509), for one thing, investigated adolescents’ health literacy (using the MOHLAA-Q), food literacy (using the SFLQ), and use of social media influencers as sources of information on healthy lifestyles (mapped through self-report questions). For another, it studied whether correlations appear to exist between SMI use, health literacy, and food literacy. The results show that the more frequently adolescents use SMIs as sources of information, the better their health literacy and food literacy are. Consequently, health promotors, such as schools and healthcare professionals, should use the channels adolescents use to enhance their critical health and food literacy, and ultimately their health. Full article

15 pages, 304 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Promoting Maternal Health in the Postpartum Period to Advance Birth Equity

by Ariella Levisohn, Laurie Nsiah-Jefferson, Colette Dieujuste and Lisa Heelan-Fancher

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1628; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121628 - 6 Dec 2024

Viewed by 417

Abstract

Black birthing people experience lower rates of postpartum follow-up care. The objective of this study was to examine factors associated with postpartum follow-up care and explore suggestions for improving the quality and experience of care during the postpartum period. A survey was conducted [...] Read more.

Black birthing people experience lower rates of postpartum follow-up care. The objective of this study was to examine factors associated with postpartum follow-up care and explore suggestions for improving the quality and experience of care during the postpartum period. A survey was conducted among Black birthing people in the Boston area who had delivered an infant within two years of the study. Our survey comprised the Jackson, Hogue, Phillips Contextualized Stress Measure (JHPCSM), the Power as Knowing Participation in Change Tool (PKPCT), and demographic questions. One hundred and twenty-one self-identified Black birthing people completed the survey. One-third of participants did not attend their postpartum appointment. Those with public insurance, an educational level of less than a college degree, or were working outside the home were significantly less likely to have a postpartum follow-up visit. Participants who attended postpartum visits had higher scores on the JHPCSM (lower stress) and PKPCT. Inability to take time off from work, COVID-19 concerns, and lack of childcare were the most frequently reported barriers to attending appointments. There is a need for better institutional and policy support for Black parents in the postpartum period. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexual, Reproductive and Maternal Health)

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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, Volume 21, Issue 12 (December 2024) – 118 articles

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