Food Selectivity in Children with Autism: Guidelines for Assessment and Clinical Interventions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Diagnosis and Prognosis of Food Selectivity in Autism
2.1. Diet, Weight, and Nutritional Inadequacies
2.2. Hypotheses of the Multidimensional Phenomenon
2.3. Parental Stress in Autistic Children with Food Selectivity
3. Assessment
3.1. Nutrition Assessment and Feeding History
3.2. Assessment of Feeding Issues
3.2.1. Standardized Questionnaires: Feeding Behaviors in Children
3.2.2. Sensory Profile
3.3. Caregiver Feeding Practices
3.4. Direct Assessment
4. Clinical Interventions
4.1. Medical Interventions
4.2. Sensorial Processing Interventions
4.3. Behavioural Interventions
4.3.1. Stimulus Preference Assessment and Differential Reinforcement
4.3.2. Escape Extinction
4.3.3. Stimulus Fading and Texture Fading
4.3.4. Reinforcement: Positive and Negative
4.3.5. Simultaneous and Sequential Presentation
4.3.6. Physical Guide
4.3.7. Shaping
4.3.8. Non-Contingent Reinforcement
4.4. Parent-Mediated Intervention and Parent Training
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parents Respond to Similar Behaviors Providing the Occurrence of These Situations | |
---|---|
Putting the child on the chair to let him eat | Promising the child something as a reward (no food) |
Asking questions to the child about the dish | Encouraging the child to eat by preparing food (drawing smiley on the omelet) |
Reasoning with the child to get him to eat (milk is good for your health!) | Complimenting the child when he eats (good boy!) |
Reproaching the child though does not eat dinner | Inviting the child to eat dinner (your dinner is getting cold!) |
Allowing the child to choose the dishes he wants to eat | Punishing the child (if you don’t finish the meat, you don’t play after dinner). |
Punishing the child (if you don’t finish the vegetables, you won’t eat the fruit) | Saying something positive about the dish the child is on eating during dinner |
Feeding the baby (physically) | Help the child eat dinner (cutting food into small pieces) |
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Esposito, M.; Mirizzi, P.; Fadda, R.; Pirollo, C.; Ricciardi, O.; Mazza, M.; Valenti, M. Food Selectivity in Children with Autism: Guidelines for Assessment and Clinical Interventions. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 5092. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065092
Esposito M, Mirizzi P, Fadda R, Pirollo C, Ricciardi O, Mazza M, Valenti M. Food Selectivity in Children with Autism: Guidelines for Assessment and Clinical Interventions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(6):5092. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065092
Chicago/Turabian StyleEsposito, Marco, Paolo Mirizzi, Roberta Fadda, Chiara Pirollo, Orlando Ricciardi, Monica Mazza, and Marco Valenti. 2023. "Food Selectivity in Children with Autism: Guidelines for Assessment and Clinical Interventions" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 6: 5092. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065092