The Lived Self-Care Experiences of Patients Undergoing Long-Term Haemodialysis: A Phenomenological Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Data Analysis
Participant ID | Gender | Age (Years) | Hemodialysis Period | Causes of Disease | Family Living Together with Participant |
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P1 | Female | 74 | 10 year 7 month | Diabetes Mellitus | Son, granddaughters |
P2 | Female | 72 | 11 year 5 month | Hypertension | Husband |
P3 | Male | 75 | 10 year 4 month | Unknown | Wife |
P4 | Male | 60 | 18 year 10 month | Hypertension | None |
P5 | Male | 69 | 13 year 6 month | Hypertension | Wife, son, daughter |
P6 | Male | 62 | 10 year 8 month | Hypertension | Wife |
P7 | Female | 66 | 10 year 5 month | Diabetes Mellitus | None |
P8 | Female | 51 | 16 year 7 month | Hypertension | Husband |
P9 | Female | 62 | 16 year 4 month | Unknown | Daughter |
Participant | First Step | Second Step | Third Step |
---|---|---|---|
P8 | “…[During hemodialysis] as I watch television, close my eyes, and think this and that…. those thoughts of “Why should I live like this?” and “What did I do wrong?” come to mind. Sometimes, I lie down and cry. But rather than people suffering from cancer and chemotherapy, it’s still possible to live on hemodialysis, so I got this kind of comfort…Let’s just be grateful that I can live on dialysis like this.” | “…[During haemodialysis] As I watch television, close my eyes, and think this and that…./ Those thoughts of “Why should I live like this?” and “What did I do wrong?” come to mind./ Sometimes, I lie down and cry./ But rather than people suffering from cancer, chemotherapy, it’s still possible to live on hemodialysis, so I got this kind of comfort…/ Let’s just be grateful that I can live on dialysis like this.” |
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2.5. Validity and Reliability
2.6. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Participants’ Characteristics
3.2. Themes
3.2.1. Theme 1. The Desire to Keep Living despite Challenges
‘I have more thoughts of living now…I have to live 80 years old, don’t I? But I do not even know if I am 100 years old (laughing). When we are all at the clinic, oh, no, we are all gathered again to live like this (laughing). We say this: as we receive a bundle of medicine, tons of medicine, we say that we have a lot of precious medicine that is good for the body.’(Participant 1)
3.2.2. Theme 2. Creating One’s Own Dietary Principles
‘I used to mostly eat at restaurants on my way home after haemodialysis; however, this was not very good for me. (After eating out) I craved water. My blood pressure increased, and then I needed to take pills to control my blood pressure. So, I decided to cook and eat at home as much as I can, even if it is hard.’(Participant 8)
3.2.3. Theme 3. Moving One’s Body with Remaining Strength
‘I’ve been exercising ever since I’ve been sick… for my body. I do not overexert myself, and I feel better little by little doing it like that. I feel a certain amount of lively energy.’(Participant 6)
3.2.4. Theme 4. Moving toward Independence
‘This is not a curable disease. I am just maintaining life. If I do not get haemodialysis, my body swells up, and it is hard. As I have experienced, I try to overcome that… I can do it with my own strength. I try to do things myself. Even though I get support from others, [being dependent] is not going to help me or cure my disease.’(Participant 3)
4. Discussion
- Physical self-care
- Emotional self-care
5. Conclusions
6. Strengths and Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Main Themes | The Desire to Keep Living Despite Challenges | Creating One’s Own Dietary Principles | Moving One’s Body with Remaining Strength | Moving toward Independence |
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Meaning Unit |
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Kim, S.; Lee, H.Z. The Lived Self-Care Experiences of Patients Undergoing Long-Term Haemodialysis: A Phenomenological Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 4690. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064690
Kim S, Lee HZ. The Lived Self-Care Experiences of Patients Undergoing Long-Term Haemodialysis: A Phenomenological Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(6):4690. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064690
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Sisook, and Hyunsook Zin Lee. 2023. "The Lived Self-Care Experiences of Patients Undergoing Long-Term Haemodialysis: A Phenomenological Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 6: 4690. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064690