Effects of Vegetation Structure on Psychological Restoration in an Urban Rooftop Space
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Visual Stimuli and the Research Process
2.2. Subjects
2.3. Data Collection and Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Layer | Species | Classification | Height (m) | Plant Form |
---|---|---|---|---|
G | Zoysia japonica | Grass or Herb | 0.1–0.2 | Grass |
S | Euonymus japonicus | Shrub | 1.0–1.5 | Round or vase |
Spiraea sp. | Shrub | 0.5–1.0 | Irregular or Weeping | |
Euonymus alatus | Shrub | 1.0–1.5 | Vase or Open | |
Rhododendron sp. | Shrub | 0.5–1.0 | Vase or Round | |
Buxus mycrophylla var. koreana | Shrub | 0.5–0.8 | Round or Vase | |
Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila | Shrub | 0.8–1.8 | Irregular | |
T | Cornus officinalis | Tree | 2.0–2.5 | Vase or Irregular |
Crataegus pinnatifida | Tree | 2.5–3.5 | Oval or Open | |
Sorbus alnifolia | Tree | 2.0–3.0 | Round or Oval | |
Taxus cuspidate | Tree | 1.5–2.0 | Pyramidal | |
Thuja orinetalis | Tree | 1.5–2.0 | Columnar | |
Cornus kousa | Tree | 2.5–3.5 | Open or Oval |
Parameters | Types | Mean | SE | Significance |
---|---|---|---|---|
HRV_HF (ms2) | Control | 327.4 | 60.1 | p < 0.05 |
G | 454.2 | 64.7 | ||
GS | 615.5 | 63.0 | ||
GST | 506.6 | 79.1 | ||
HRV_LF/HF (ratio) | Control | 4.7 | 1.2 | n.s. |
G | 3.0 | 0.4 | ||
GS | 2.9 | 0.8 | ||
GST | 2.4 | 0.4 | ||
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | Control | 74.0 | 5.3 | n.s. |
G | 68.3 | 2.4 | ||
GS | 66.9 | 2.0 | ||
GST | 65.6 | 2.8 | ||
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | Control | 131.1 | 2.0 | p < 0.01 |
G | 125.3 | 2.1 | ||
GS | 119.5 | 1.9 | ||
GST | 121.1 | 2.2 | ||
Pulse rate (beats/min) | Control | 77.8 | 2.6 | n.s. |
G | 74.4 | 2.3 | ||
GS | 75.5 | 2.5 | ||
GST | 75.3 | 1.2 |
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Lee, J.; Kang, M.; Lee, S.; Lee, S. Effects of Vegetation Structure on Psychological Restoration in an Urban Rooftop Space. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010260
Lee J, Kang M, Lee S, Lee S. Effects of Vegetation Structure on Psychological Restoration in an Urban Rooftop Space. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(1):260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010260
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Juyoung, Minji Kang, Sungku Lee, and Seoyong Lee. 2023. "Effects of Vegetation Structure on Psychological Restoration in an Urban Rooftop Space" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1: 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010260
APA StyleLee, J., Kang, M., Lee, S., & Lee, S. (2023). Effects of Vegetation Structure on Psychological Restoration in an Urban Rooftop Space. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(1), 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010260